Bipolar disorder is a common mental disorder that is recurrent and difficult to cure,particularly in the form of treatment-resistant bipolar disorder(TRBD).This article systematically discribes the main treatment for TRBD is a combination of medications,including various mood stabilizers and combined clozapine.Ketamine is mainly used as a synergistic treatment for the clinical phase of depression in bipolar disorder.Physical therapy primarily involves various techniques such as electroconvulsive therapy,repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy,magnetic convulsion therapy,transcranial direct current stimulation,vagus nerve stimulation,and deep brain stimulation therapy.While there are additional means of physical therapy,it remains a promising research direction in TRBD treatment.There are still many challenges in the management of TRBD and further detailed studies are needed to pro-vide proof.
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