Progress in the Clinical Treatment of Advanced Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
This review summarizes the clinical treatment progress of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).With the increasing incidence of ESCC,patients with advanced stages face limited treatment options.Chemo-therapy is the main treatment,paclitaxel and cisplatin is commonly used in China,while fluorouracil plus cisplatin is commonly used in Europe and the United States.In second-line therapy,tegafur,gimeracil and oteracil potassium capsules combined with irinotecan showed a higher objective response rate(ORR)and progression-free survival(PFS).Molecular targeted therapies,especially anti-epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)monoclonal antibody and antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI),are a research hotspot,but they have a balance between efficacy and adverse effects.TKI such as anlotinib and apatinib show potential for PFS,but note their adverse effects.Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as pembrolizumab,nivolumab and camrelizumab showed good efficacy and safety in first-line combination chemotherapy and second-line monotherapy,with significantly prolonged median overall survival(OS)of patients.However,the response rate of second/third-line therapy is low,and more effective combination treat-ment options need to be explored in the future.
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