农林废物对畜粪堆肥有机质转化和酶活性的影响
Effects of agricultural and forestry wastes on organic matter conversion and enzyme activity in livestock manure composting
戴启鹏 1向明灯 2常兆峰 3郭浩博 2陆智勇 4郑彤 2张六一 5于云江2
作者信息
- 1. 重庆三峡学院环境与化学工程学院;生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,国家环境保护环境污染健康风险评价重点实验室
- 2. 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,国家环境保护环境污染健康风险评价重点实验室
- 3. 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,国家环境保护环境污染健康风险评价重点实验室;昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院
- 4. 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,国家环境保护环境污染健康风险评价重点实验室;广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院
- 5. 重庆三峡学院环境与化学工程学院
- 折叠
摘要
通过好氧堆肥技术利用农林废物对畜禽粪便进行堆肥,是实现农林废物资源化利用且减轻其对环境污染的有效途径.采用新鲜牛粪辅以农林废物进行堆肥中试试验,通过表征堆肥过程中堆体理化性质差异、有机质与腐殖质的物质结构演化和酶活性的变化,探究不同农林废物对牛粪堆肥过程的影响.结果显示:在堆肥初期,堆体中易降解的有机质被微生物降解,导致堆体温度上升,且铵态氮、腐殖酸和富里酸含量逐渐下降;随着高温期的持续,微生物开始加速降解堆体中较难降解的大分子有机物,导致纤维素、半纤维素含量减少,木质素含量迅速上升;当温度下降后,硝化细菌活性逐渐增大,大量铵态氮转化成硝态氮,且堆体中有机物含量的减少,降低了脲酶活性;在堆肥后期,难降解的木质素占比较高,有机质利用变慢,多酚氧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性下降.研究结果可为优化堆肥过程、提高堆肥质量提供科学依据.
Abstract
Composting livestock and poultry manure through aerobic composting technology using agricultural and forestry wastes is an effective way to reduce environmental pollution and avoid waste of resources.Fresh cow manure supplemented with agricultural and forestry wastes was used for composting in pilot experiments.The effects of different agricultural and forestry wastes on the composting process were investigated by characterizing the differences in physical and chemical properties,the evolution of the material structure of organic matter and humus,and the changes in enzyme activities during the composting process.The results showed that in the early stage of composting,the easily degradable organic matter was degraded by microorganisms,resulting in an increase in the temperature of the compost.In addition,the contents of ammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N),humic acid(HS)and fulvic acid(FA)decreased gradually.As the high-temperature period continued,microorganisms began to accelerate the degradation of difficult-to-degrade macromolecular organic matter,leading to a decrease in cellulose and hemicellulose contents and a rapid increase in the proportion of lignin content.When the temperature dropped,the activity of nitrifying bacteria was gradually increased,and a large amount of ammonium nitrogen was converted into nitrate nitrogen(NO3--N).Furthermore,the reduction of organic matter content in the pile body diminished the urease activity.In the later stage of composting,the proportion of refractory lignin was higher,the utilization of organic matter was slow,and the activities of polyphenol oxidase and catalase were inhibited.The research results can provide a scientific basis for optimizing the composting process and improving the quality of composting.
关键词
农林废物/好氧堆肥/理化性质/有机质/酶活性Key words
agricultural and forestry waste/aerobic composting/physicochemical properties/organic matter/enzyme activity引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC1808902)
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YF01808901)
国家自然科学基金项目(42107266)
广州市科技计划项目(2023A04J0949)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据