The construction of genetically engineered microorganisms(GEMs)is an important bioremediation strategy of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants.To improve the environmental adaptability and degradation ability of microorganisms,gene editing,overexpression,directed evolution and other techniques have been applied to modify the microbial degradation pathways and regulation pathways involved in petroleum hydrocarbon degradation.Therefore,GEMs used for biodegradation and monitoring of petroleum hydrocarbons have been developed.In this study,the main construction strategies of GEMs used for the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants were summarized,including the selection and modification of chassis organisms,the modification and optimization of key enzymes and metabolic pathways,the development of microbial biosensors and the construction of conditional-suicide containment system.GEMs also play a role in the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants using pure enzymes,microbial consortium and plant-microbe remediation.With the application of system biology and synthetic biology in microorganisms for bioremediation,GEMs exhibit promising research and application prospects in the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons.
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