A review on the occurrence and environmental behavior of organophosphate esters(OPEs)as new pollutants in air
As flame retardants and plasticizers,organophosphate esters(OPEs)have been widely utilized in plastics,textiles,and building materials,and resulted in a sharp increment on production annually.OPEs were ever regarded as effective substitutes for brominated flame retardants(BFRs);however,some current researches showed that their concentrations in air were 1 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than BFRs.Since their half-lives were relatively long,combing their definite toxicity and long-range transport potential,OPEs have increasingly attracted extensive attention and become a class of global organic contaminants.Besides,the recognition of OPEs being safer substitutes is questioned by some researchers.In present study,the progresses on the atmospheric OPEs were reviewed,including the occurrence,the long-range transport,the air-particle partition and the photooxidation of OPEs in air.The deficiency in recent researches was discussed and the perspectives on future study were proposed.Comparing the concentrations and composition characteristics of OPEs in different areas,the industrial sources,long-range transport and meteorological conditions were the predominant factors controlling the spatial distribution tendencies of OPEs in air.The particle-bound OPEs were of remarkable scientific importance in exploring their long-range transport path,revealing their environmental fate and assessing their health risks.However,the researches focusing on air-particle partitions on the basis of field monitoring and theoretical models were relatively insufficient.There was a significant difference between the model results for predicting the percentages of OPEs in particle phase and the field monitoring.It was speculated that the physicochemical properties,meteorological condition and sampling techniques might have influence on the accuracy of models.Moreover,the influence some environment factors on OPEs photooxidation should be explored in order to reveal the reaction paths and proposed the structure of the photodegradation products.Consequently,optimizing proper models,developing new sampling techniques as well as probing the photo-degradation of OPEs were urgent in future for better understanding their environmental behavior and serving the administration of environmental quality.
万方数据
维普
