Research progress on plant enrichment,transportation,phytoremediation and toxicity of hexabromocyclododecane(HBCDs)diasteresomers and enantiomers
Hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD),as a typical hydrophobic aliphatic brominated flame retardants was listed in the Stockholm Convention in 2013.HBCDs exists chiral centers and multiple enantiomers.Selective enrichment,distribution,degradation and biotoxicity in the environment may be induced by different stereo configurations of HBCDs.Plants are considered the producers of energy in the ecosystem.Plant physiology might be changed by HBCDs plant uptake,further affects its transmission in the food chain and even the entire ecosystem,and lead to potential hazards to the environment and human health.The latest studies on the plant extraction and analysis methods,plant enrichment and transport,phytoremediation of contaminated soil,and phytotoxicological effects of HBCDs isomers and enantiomers were reviewed in this paper.The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry could effectively detect HBCDs isomers and enantiomers in plant samples.Detection of enantiomer level will become the development direction in stereoscopic configuration analysis of HBCDs in the future.HBCDs have been successively detected in various plants,with α-HBCD being the dominant isomer.At present,the research on the HBCDs enantiomers level is still very limited,and there is no uniform rule for their transmission in plants.Plant planting can effectively remove HBCDs from soil,showing the application prospect of bioremediation.Toxic effects such as plant growth retardation,oxidative stress and gene damage can be caused by HBCDs,and different configurations showed specific selectivity.The environmental behaviors of HBCDs different configurations are stereoisomer-specific,and plant enrichment,transport,transformation and toxicological effects of HBCDs are selective.So far,plant researches of HBCDs are still insufficient,it is suggested that the environmental behavior and pollution control of HBCDs isomers and enantiomers in plants should be further studied in the future,so as to provide a scientific basis for comprehensive evaluation of bioavailability,health risk assessment and environmental restoration of HBCDs.
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