Response characteristics of soil environmental factors under the stress of microplastics and antibiotics
In order to investigate the effects of microplastics and antibiotics on the response characteristics of soil environmental factors,MPs,Tetracycline(TC)and Ciprofloxacin(CIP)were applied into soil for 4 weeks separately or jointly.In this experiment,a large number of studies were carried out,such as the physicochemicalof soil,enzyme activity,antibiotic residues,resistance of antibiotics resistant bacteria(ARB),the antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)and the diversity of microbial community.As a results,the unit weight of soil were increased 12.3％,16.9％and 21.8％,respectively.Compared with the control group,the content of organic matter were changed from 39.96 g·kg-1 to 53.21 g·kg-1 by PE and antibiotic.They were increased 9.16％,12.39％,14.09％,18.47％,32.03％,33.16％and 36.04％,respectively.So the cation exchange capacity was significantly changed from 44.36 cmol·kg-1 to 62.45 cmol·kg-1,and they were increased 24.06％,30.09％,33.97％,36.49％,47.14％,50.93％and 56.1％,respectively.The pH of each group varied from 7.58 to 8.12.The catalase of each group were 1.653,1.559,1.421,1.486,1.376,1.545,1.524,1.453 IU·g-1,respectively.The urease activity of soil was 89.56,78.32,64.65IU·g-1,66.79,1.57.27,72.3,71.26 and 61.56 IU·g-1,respectively.The sucrase activities were 158.69,149.61,134.56,131.87,123.65,137.26,136.83 and 126.34 IU·g-1,respectively.The activity of catalase,urease and sucrase with MPs and two antibiotics were reduced 12.1％,32.3％and 26.7％,respectively.Compared with the control group,the residues of antibiotics were 187.1％and 189.3％by MPs-TC and MPs-CIP,respectively.Additionally,they were lower than the control group,182.6％and 178.7％by MPs-TC-CIP,respectively.The relative abundance ratios of tet W and tet O were 1.82 and 1.78,respectively.And the relative abundance ratios of qnr A and qnr S were 1.68 and 1.71,respectively.The relative abundance of microbial community were followed by Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria,Gemmatimonadetes and Fimicutes.After the application of antibiotics and MPs,the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were increased,while the relative abundance of Myxococcus were decreased.The results showed that MPs could promote the enrichment of antibiotics.Under co-stress with MPs-TC-CIP,the effect of physical,chemical and biological characteristics on soil were more significant than the MPs,TC,and CIP alone or mixed.Furtherly,the potential effects of MPs on were explored,such as antibiotic residues,transmission of ARGs and the microbial community diversity,which were laid a foundation for reducing the harm of pollutants and building a comprehensive intelligent remediation system.
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