Research progress on separation and extraction technologies of chlorine salts and heavy metals from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash
Municipal waste incineration(MSWI)fly ash contains high levels of chlorine salts and complex heavy metals.The separation and extraction of those valuable pollutants from fly ash,along with their subsequent resource utilization,not only mitigate the hazardous nature of fly ash but also reduce the reliance on natural mineral extraction,thereby yielding significant economic and environmental benefits.This paper presents a comprehensive review and prospective analysis based on the latest research findings regarding the separation and extraction of chlorine salts and heavy metals from fly ash.Given the current status of their industrial applications at home and abroad,the advantages,disadvantages and future directions of various industrial processes are encompassed to helpfully develop the advanced techniques and thus realize the ultimate objective for a completely harmless disposal of fly ash and an efficient resource utilization.In fact,the separation and extraction techniques for chlorine salts in fly ash have been successfully applied,but their overall disposal costs are still noticeably higher than those for chelation followed by landfilling,and these techniques are therefore in need of further optimization.In contrast,the techniques for separating and extracting heavy metals from fly ash are even at the nascent stage.The main challenge is that the obtained earnings of the recovered metals are difficult to cover their extraction costs,besides,there still exists the problem of incomplete treatment of heavy metals.Thus,long-term technological advancements and policy guidance are necessary to overcome the aforementioned obstacles.
municipal waste incineration(MSWI)fly ashchlorine saltsheavy metalsseparation and extractionindustrial application
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