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市售寿司中砷的人体健康风险

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砷是一种在自然界中广泛存在的有毒有害污染物，摄入受污染的食物是人体砷暴露的重要途径。食品添加剂联合专家委员会(Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives，JECFA)第 72 次会议指出，海苔、米饭和米制品是总砷含量较高的食物。寿司是一种日本传统美食，近年来颇受中国大众喜爱，其主要食材即是海苔和米饭，可能存在一定的砷污染和人体健康危害问题。本研究从我国南京市20家店面采集了共20份寿司样品，测定样品中总砷含量，并对部分样品进行砷形态分析，进而评估市售寿司中砷的人体健康风险。对寿司进行食物成分分类，发现海苔、米饭和其他馅料的鲜重在整个寿司中的重量占比平均值分别为3。31％±0。88％、69。48％±9。57％、27。20％±10。10％;海苔、米饭和整个寿司样品(n=20)中总砷的含量分别为3。14-27。18、0。10-0。85、0。34-1。57 mg·kg-1，平均值分别为(9。67±6。65)、(0。31±0。22)、(0。63±0。27)mg kg-1。对4份寿司及对应成分海苔和米饭进行砷形态分析，发现海苔中砷主要为低毒的砷甜菜碱(arsenobetaine，AsB)、二甲基砷酸盐(dimethylated arsenic，DMA)、砷糖(arsenosugar)，占比分别为 8。02％±6。57％、37。40％±12。70％和 54。59％±17。31％，未检测出高毒性的无机砷;米饭中除了含有低毒性的DMA(22。44％±5。79％)外，含有高毒性的亚砷酸盐(arsenite，As(Ⅲ)，49。15％±9。52％)、二甲基一巯基砷(dimethylated monothioarsenate，DMMTA，12。48％±2。36％)和砷酸盐(arsenate，As(Ⅴ)，11。59％±9。65％);整个寿司样品包含了海苔和米饭的特征砷形态，包括 AsB(10。32％±7。91％)、DMA(34。40％±22。04％)、砷糖(32。87％±22。87％)、As(Ⅲ)(15。94％± 9。19％)、As(Ⅴ)(2。44％±4。87％)等。基于寿司中砷含量和形态，成人每天通过食用寿司导致的无机砷摄入量平均为(0。21±0。09)μg·kg-1·d-1 bw，远低于世界卫生组织规定的BMDL0。5的基准剂量3 μg·kg-1·d-1 bw，表明食用寿司的癌症风险较低。本研究对南京市场销售的寿司样品进行砷含量、砷形态测定以及开展健康风险评价，对理解食用寿司导致的砷暴露和健康风险具有重要意义。
Human health risk of arsenic in commercial sushi
Arsenic(As)is a toxic element that exists widely in the environment,with food consumption being an important route of human As exposure.According to the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives(JECFA)No.72,nori,rice,and rice products tend to contain high As concentrations.Sushi is a traditional Japanese food,which has gained popularity in the Chinese population in recent years.With nori and rice being the main ingredients,sushi may contain a considerable amount of As and pose health risk to human health.In this study,a total of 20 sushi samples were collected from 20 stores in Nanjing,China.Total As concentration and species in samples(n=20 and 4)were measured to assess the health risk associated with sushi consumption.Dividing sushi into different ingredients,we observed that nori,rice,and other fillings contributed to 3.31％±0.88％,69.48％±9.57％,and 27.20％±10.10％of fresh weight of sushi,respectively.Arsenic concentrations in the nori,rice,and the whole sushi samples were 3.14-27.18,0.10-0.85,0.34-1.57 mg·kg-1,with average of(9.67±6.65),(0.31±0.22),(0.63±0.27)mg·kg-1,respectively.Speciation analysis showed that As in the nori mainly occurred as low toxicity arsenobetaine(AsB),dimethylated arsenic(DMA),and arsenosugar,which contributed to 8.02％±6.57％,37.40％±12.70％,and 54.59％±17.31％of total As,with inorganic As being not detected.In addition to DMA(22.44％±5.79％),the rice contained high toxicity arsenite(As(Ⅲ),49.15％±9.52％),dimethylated monothioarsenate(DMMTA,12.48％±2.36％),and arsenate(As(Ⅴ),11.59％±9.65％).Consisting of nori and rice,sushi contained all As species observed in nori and rice,including AsB(10.32％±7.91％),DMA(34.40％±22.04％),arsenosugar(32.87％±22.87％),As(Ⅲ)(15.94％± 9.19％),and As(Ⅴ)(2.44％±4.87％).Based on As concentration and species,health risk associated with sushi consumption was assessed.The estimated daily intake of inorganic As for adults was averagely(0.21±0.09)μg·kg-1·d-1bw,which was far lower than the BMDL0.5 baseline dose of 3 μg·kg-1·d-1 bw proposed by the World Health Organization,indicating that eating sushi had a low cancer risk.In this study,As concentration,As species,and health risk of sushi samples collected from Nanjing market were studied,advancing our understanding of As exposure and health risk associated with sushi consumption.

sushinoriricearsenichealth risk assessment

杨金蕾、王宏宇、周磊、张耀升、历红波

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南京大学环境学院,南京,210023

寿司 海苔 米饭 砷化物 健康风险

国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金江苏省农业自主创新项目江苏省农业自主创新项目Jiangsu Agricultural Independent Innovation Program

42022058418773564202205841877356CX213095

2024

10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2022080701

环境化学
中国科学院生态环境研究中心

环境化学

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：1.049
ISSN：0254-6108
年,卷(期)：2024.43(3)
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