Research progress on detection methods and detection levels of β-N-methylamino-L-alanine(BMAA)in water environment and aquatic samples
This paper systematically reviewed the structure,morphology,detection methods,environment and the level of β-N-methylamino-L-alanine(BMAA)in environment and food samples.The results show that BMAA mainly exists in three forms,including free BMAA,soluble bound BMAA,and precipitated bound BMAA.Currently,BMAAs in the environment and food are mainly detected by the AQC-derived LC-MS/MS method.The samples need to be morphologically separated and processed with MCX solid phase extraction cartridges.The contamination of BMAA has been reported in the water environment,aquatic products and algae health products in Asia,North America and Europe,with the detectable concentrations of＜0.01-25.3 μg·L-1 in water samples,＜0.01-300 μg·g-1in algae samples,0.08-115.3 μg·g-1 in non-shark aquatic products and 0.04-0.73 μg·g-1 in algal health products.Due to the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of BMAA,the aquatic products with higher nutrient levels showed higher concentrations.For example,the BMAA levels reported in the shark products were up to 34-2011 μg·g-1.Therefore,more attentions should be paid to these animals.At present,the relevant researches on BMAA in our country are very limited.More efforts should be made in analytical method development,on-site investigation and risk assessments to comprehensively assess the exposure risk of Chinese population to BMAAs.
β-N-methylamino-L-alanine(BMAA)LC-MS/MSwater environmentaquatic productsalgae health products
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