摘要
砷类化合物造成的环境污染严重影响生态和人类健康,有效地去除和防治砷污染是当前工业发展中亟待解决的问题之一.基于原位修复的可渗透反应墙(PRB)技术具有低成本、高效能、可持续性和工艺简单等优点,利用PRB技术防治砷污染是一种绿色、经济又高效的选择.PRB中的填充材料是除砷的反应主体,因此总结了 PRB除砷填充材料及其除砷性能与机理,包括黏土矿物、碳基材料、钙基材料、铁基材料和固体废弃物等.其中,铁基材料对砷物种的固定能力较其它材料更为突出,零价铁、铁矿物、废铁材料等铁基材料广泛应用于砷污染修复,廉价易得又高效的铁基材料是未来PRB除砷材料的重要研究方向.在此基础上,简要介绍了除砷PRB填充材料的实验研究与模拟,并通过PRB除砷工程或中试实验阐述了 PRB的运行监测与砷污染治理效果,展望了 PRB除砷材料和工程应用的发展前景与挑战,以促进我国地表径流砷污染治理PRB材料和技术的开发与进步.
Abstract
The arsenic pollution seriously affects the ecological environment and human health.The effective removal and prevention of arsenic pollution is one of the most urgent problems to be solved in the current industrial circles.The permeable reactive barrier(PRB)technology based on in-situ remediation technology,with its advantages of low cost,high efficiency,sustainability and simple process,has been the green,economical and efficient choice for removing and preventing arsenic pollution.As the filling material in PRB project is the main reactive body to remove arsenic pollution,the types of arsenic removal filling materials of PRB and their performance and mechanism of arsenic removal are summarized,including clay minerals,carbon-based materials,calcium-based materials,iron-based materials,solid waste,etc.Of all these materials,the iron-based materials have obvious advantages over others in adsorption ability towards arsenic species.Iron-based materials such as zero-valent iron,iron-containing minerals and iron-containing waste have been widely used in arsenic pollution remediation,due to their advantages of low cost,easy availability and high arsenic removal efficiency,and have been the main research direction of arsenic removal material in PRB in the future.Therefore,the laboratory research and model simulation of PRB filling materials are briefly introduced,including several pilot or project examples of PRB for arsenic removal,illustration of the related operation and monitoring process with treatment effect on arsenic pollution.On this basis,we put forward the development prospects and challenges of PRB technology for arsenic removal filling materials and engineering applications,and we hope that this paper can contribute to the development and progress of PRB technology for arsenic pollution control in overland runoff.
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