Evaluation of heavy metal enrichment and health risks in agricultural soils-crops in eastern Shuozhou,Shanxi Province,China
In order to study the accumulation of heavy metals between farmland soil and crops and the health risks of pollution,the content of 8 different heavy metals included Cd,Cr,As,Hg,Pb,Cu,Zn,and Ni in the soil and crop(corn,sorghum,and soybean)collected from 131 sites in three different country and city in eastern Shuozhou,Shanxi Province,China were determined,and various indices such as enrichment factors(EF),geo-accumulation index(Igeo)and potential ecological hazard index(RI)were used to survey the polluted degree of soil-crop systems and the pollution source.Also,the health risk was assessed based on the risk model recommended by EPA.The results showed that:1)The concentrations of eight heavy metals(Cd,Cr,As,Hg,Pb,Cu,Zn,Ni)in the soil of the study area did not exceed the limit values stipulated in the"Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land(Trial)"(GB15618-2018);while the average levels of Cr,Hg,and Pb were 1.20,6.26 and 1.33 times higher than the background values in the study area,respectively.2)Hg in the soil of the study area was significantly enriched,while the rest of the heavy metals were not enriched.The results of the ground accumulation index classification show that Hg was moderately contaminated and the rest was non-contaminated.The results of the Potential Ecological Hazard Index indicated the study area was moderately polluted.3)The results of the principal component analysis show that Ni,Cr,Zn,and Cu in the study area mainly come from"natural sources",Hg mainly comes from"direct industrial sources",As and Pb mainly come from"atmospheric deposition-industrial sources",and Cd Mainly from"agricultural sources".4)The non-carcinogenic risks of 8 heavy metals in children are higher than those in adults.In the study area,Pb had no carcinogenic risk to children and adults,and the carcinogenic risks of Cd and As to children and adults were within an acceptable range,while Cr and Ni were the main carcinogenic risk factors.
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