摘要
为了解华中高山地区夏季大气PM2.5中元素的污染特征,于2018年6月在湖北省十堰市武当山国家空气质量监测站采集PM2.5样品,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定样品中18种元素(Na、K、Ca、Mg、Al、Fe、V、Cr、Mo、Cu、Zn、Mn、Ni、As、Se、Cd、Ba和 Pb)的浓度,并探讨了其来源、生态风险和健康风险.结果表明,武当山PM2.5的日均浓度范围为5.00-33.65 μg·m-3,平均浓度为(16.84±7.07)μg·m-3;元素K、Na、Fe、Ca、Al、Mg和Zn的浓度较高,7种元素占所分析元素的97.68％以上;富集因子结果表明,Mo、Zn、Pb、Cd和Se的EF值高于100,可能受周边人为活动排放污染物的区域或长距离传输影响;主成分-多元线性回归(PCA-MLR)结果表明,PM2.5中元素主要来自于燃煤和机动车(57.57％)、工业源(22.52％)和地壳(19.91％);武当山PM2.5重金属的生态风险指数极高,其中Cd、Se和Mo的潜在生态危害程度极强;健康风险评估显示,综合非致癌风险(HI)在儿童和成人中分别为2.28×10-2和3.04×10-2,均在可接受水平内,综合致癌风险(CRT)在儿童和成人中分别为4.45×10-7和2.37×10-6,说明成人存在潜在的致癌风险;Cr在成人中的致癌风险为1.88×10-6,说明Cr在成人中存在潜在的致癌风险,同种金属对人体的非致癌风险和致癌风险均表现为成人＞儿童.
Abstract
To understand the pollution characteristics of PM2.5-bound elemental species at mountain site in summer,PM2.5 samples were collected at the Mt.Wudang National Air Quality Monitoring Station in Shiyan of Hubei Province in June 2018.The concentrations of 18 elements(Na,K,Ca,Mg,Al,Fe,V,Cr,Mo,Cu,Zn,Mn,Ni,As,Se,Cd,Ba and Pb)in PM2.5 were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(ICP-MS),and the sources,ecological and health risks were discussed.The results showed that the concentration of PM2.5 during observation period at Mt.Wudang were ranged from 5.00 μg·m3 to 33.65 μg·m-3,with an average value of(16.84± 7.07)μg·m-3.K,Na,Fe,Ca,Al,Mg and Zn)was the main elements accounting for 97.68％of all detected elements.The enrichment factor(EF)values showed that the EF values of Mo,Zn,Pb,Cd and Se were higher than 100,which may be affected by the regional or long-range transport of pollutants emitted from human activities.The principal component analysis-multiple linear regression(PCA-MLR)showed that the elements species of PM2.5 mainly come from coal burning and motor vehicles(57.57％),industrial production(22.52％)and crustal sources(19.91％).The ecological risk index of heavy metals in PM2.5 at Mt.Wudang is extremely high and Cd,Se and Mo have a very high degree of potential ecological damage.The health risk assessment showed that the comprehensive non-carcinogenic risks(HI)were 2.28x10-2 and 3.04xl0-2 for children and adults,respectively,which are within the acceptable level.The comprehensive carcinogenic risks(CRT)were 4.45×107 and 2.37×10-6 for children and adults,respectively,indicating heavy metal had potential carcinogenic risk for adults.The carcinogenic risk of Cr for adults is 1.88×10-6,indicating that Cr has potential carcinogenic risk in adults.The non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk to human body followed the order of adults＞children.
基金项目
国家自然科学基金(41705136)
国家自然科学基金(41375133)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(JY-41375133)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2019YSKY-025)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据