Uncertainties of illicit drugs consumption estimated by wastewater-based epidemiology:The case of methamphetamine
Wastewater-based epidemiology(WBE)plays a vital role in monitoring the pattern of consumption of illicit drugs in a general population.However,it also brings several uncertainties about the results.For the first time,the paper investigates the potential and reliability of WBE methodologies from methamphetamine,the most abused drug in China,by critically looking at the literature published in the last three years.The uncertainties related to sampling methodology,analytical procedure,and consumption calculation are analyzed in detail,and suggestions to further promote WBE studies and universal analysis criteria for valid comparisons are provided.
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