摘要
为了掌握弹药销毁场重金属污染状况与来源,以山西某典型弹药销毁场为例,对该销毁场39个表层土壤重金属(Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Sb、Pb)的污染状况、分布特征与污染来源进行评价与分析.结果表明,弹壳堆放区表层土壤重金属Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Sb、Pb的平均含量分别为 45.57、23.43、325.54、265.43、9.53、0.42、304.17、13174.29 mg·kg-1,其余区域表层土壤重金属Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Sb、Pb的平均含量分别为 102.09、26.75、1137.18、3007.13、7.71、0.95、70.65、2894.97 mg·kg-1,均高于山西省背景值.污染指数评价结果表明,Pb、Zn、Cu、Sb和Cd的累积程度较高.研究区土壤重金属生态危害指数为 2653.35,达到极高生态风险水平.绝对主成分得分-多元线性回归模型(APCS-MLR)表明,Ni、Cd、Zn、Cr和Cu的来源主要为混合源,贡献率为 72.94%,Pb和Sb的主要来源是销毁源,贡献率为53.99%,自然源对As贡献率最大,为44.63%.
Abstract
In order to grasp the pollution status and sources of heavy metals in ammunition destruction sites,the pollution status,distribution characteristics and pollution sources of 39 surface soil heavy metals(Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,Sb,Pb)in this destruction site were evaluated and analyzed,taking a typical ammunition destruction site in Shanxi as an example.The results showed that the average contents of the surface soil heavy metals Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,Sb and Pb in the shell dumping area were 45.57,23.43,325.54,265.43,9.53,0.42,304.17,13174.29 mg·kg-1,respectively,while the average contents of the surface soil heavy metals Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,Sb and Pb in the rest of the area were 45.57,23.43,325.54,265.43,9.53,0.42,304.17,13174.29 mg·kg-1,respectively,As,Cd,Sb and Pb were 102.09,26.75,1137.18,3007.13,7.71,0.95,70.65,2894.97 mg·kg-1 respectively,which were all higher than the background values in Shanxi Province.The results of the pollution index evaluation showed that the accumulation of Pb,Zn,Cu,Sb and Cd was high.The ecological hazard index for soil heavy metals in the study area was 2653.35,reaching a very high ecological risk level.The absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression model(APCS-MLR)showed that the sources of Ni,Cd,Zn,Cr and Cu were mainly mixed sources with a contribution of 72.94%,the main sources of Pb and Sb were destruction sources with a contribution of 53.99%,and natural sources contributed the most to As with a contribution of 44.63%.
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