摘要
人工合成麝香(Synthetic musks,SMs)具有内分泌干扰效应并且其挥发性强,能够通过大气传输到达偏远地区.本文测定了中国南极长城站沉积物、土壤和企鹅粪便中四种SMs的含量,并分析了其生态风险.佳乐麝香(Galaxolide,HHCB)和吐纳麝香(Tonalide,AHTN)是样品中的主要SMs,二甲苯麝香(Musk xylene,MX)和酮麝香(Musk ketone,MK)未在样品中检出.有87.50％的样品检出HHCB,含量为ND-18.35 ng·g-1 dw(干重),平均值为4.56 ng·g-1dw;有81.25％的样品中检出AHTN,含量为ND-21.47 ng·g-1dw,平均值为6.41 ng·g-1 dw.企鹅岛山顶的粪土样品中SMs含量最高,说明SMs可能通过食物链在生物体内富集,并通过排泄物排出.南极长城站污水口和俄国站垃圾处理厂的两个点位也含有较高含量的SMs,分析其原因可能是由于人类的活动引入的SMs的污染.有研究表明AHTN比HHCB更容易通过大气进行远距离传输,而在本研究中,分析HHCB和AHTN的含量比发现,大部分样品中AHTN含量都高于HHCB,说明大气沉降是南极地区SMs的主要来源.而长城站污水口和俄国垃圾处理厂两个点位HHCB的含量高于AHTN,进一步说明这两个点位SMs主要来源于科考人员的活动.对沉积物进行风险评估,检出的两种SMs的风险熵值均小于0.1,表明从理论上来说这两种污染物不会对南极生态环境造成显著影响.
Abstract
Synthetic musks(SMs)have endocrine disrupting effects and strong volatility,which can be transported to remote areas through the atmosphere.This article measured the content of four types of SMs in sediments,soil,and penguin feces at the Great Wall Station in Antarctica and analyzed their ecological risks.Galaxolide(HHCB)and Tonalide(AHTN)are the main SMs in the sample,while Musk xylene(MX)and Musk ketone(MK)were not detected in the sample.HHCB was detected in 87.50％of the samples,with a content of ND-18.35 ng·g-1 dw(dry weight)and an average value of 4.56 ng·g-1dw;AHTN was detected in 81.25％of the samples,with a content of ND-21.47 ng·g-1 dw and an average value of 6.41 ng·g-1 dw.The highest content of SMs is found in the fecal samples from the top of Penguin Island,indicating that SMs may be enriched in organisms through the food chain and excreted through excreta.The sewage outlet at the Great Wall Station in Antarctica and the waste treatment plant at the Russian Station also contain high levels of SMs,which may be due to pollution caused by human activities.Studies have shown that AHTN is more easily transported over long distances through the atmosphere than HHCB.In this study,analyzing the content ratio of HHCB and AHTN,it was found that the AHTN content in most samples was higher than that of HHCB,indicating that atmospheric deposition is the main source of SMs in the Antarctic region.The HHCB content at the sewage outlet of the Great Wall Station and the Russian garbage treatment plant is higher than that of AHTN,further indicating that the SMs at these two locations mainly come from the activities of scientific researchers.Risk assessment was conducted on sediments,and the risk entropy values of the two detected SMs were both less than 0.1,indicating that theoretically,these two pollutants will not have a significant impact on the Antarctic ecological environment.
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万方数据