Causes and Distribution of Groundwater with High Concentration of Iron and Manganese in Downtown Zhengzhou
273 monitoring sites were set up in downtown Zhengzhou in 2020 to collect shallow groundwa-ter samples and analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of iron and manganese in groundwater.The re-sults indicated that high concentration of iron and manganese in shallow groundwater was due to the leaching of iron and manganese nodules in Quaternary Middle Pleistocene and Upper Pleistocene sediments into groundwater of the study area.Iron and manganese were associated in shallow groundwater.The regions where the concentra-tion of iron and manganese exceeded the standard limits were relatively concentrated.High concentration of iron and manganese mainly distributed in local areas on the south bank of the Yellow River,where shal-low groundwater was in a favorable reductive environment for the enrichment of iron and manganese,and pH val-ue mostly ranged from 7.1 to 8.0,showing weak alkalinity.Along the direction of groundwater runoff,the con-centration of iron and manganese decreased with the increase of nitrate concentration,and increased with the in-crease of sulfate and chloride concentrations.