Simultaneous Removal of Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria,Genes,and Inhibition of Horizontal Transfer using Vis-rGO-CNCF-enhanced Peroxymonosulfate Activation Process
As emerging contaminants,antibiotic-resistant bacteria(ARBs)and antibiotic-resistant genes(ARGs)pose a serious threat to human health and ecological security.Here,a reduced graphene oxide and g-C3N4 co-doped copper ferrite(rGO-CNCF)were synthesized.The composite material was characterized using XRD,FTIR,XPS,SEM-EDS,TEM,and DRS analysis methods,and a visible-light-assisted rGO-CNCF-activated PMS system was constructed for the removal of ARB and ARGs in water.The results showed that the complete inactivation of 8.01 log SA-ARB could be achieved within 30 min when the catalyst dosage was 0.2 g·L-1,The PMS dosage was 0.3 g·L-1,and the initial pH value of the solution was 7.0.The Vis-rGO-CNCF/PMS system was able to effectively reduce the horizontal transfer of SA-ARGs,and this system had a good destructive ability for intracellular and extracellular SA-ARGs.The destruction ability of the advanced oxidation process for the two pollutants together,SMT and SA-ARB,was maintained at a high level.This system could destroy the cell membrane structure of resistant bacteria,causing cell fragmentation,and quenching experiments showed that singlet oxygen(1O2)played a major role in the system.This study can provide a promising method for controlling ARB and ARG pollution in water and controlling the horizontal transfer of ARGs.
persulfate activationcopper ferrite composite materialsinglet oxygenantibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)horizontal transfer
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