Response of rhizosphere enzyme activity and molecular docking of Trifolium repens L.under Cd stress
Explaining the impact mechanisms of heavy metal stress on typical soil enzyme activities at the molecular scale aids in developing more reliable and targeted remediation technologies for contaminated soils.In situ zymography was used to investigate the activity and rhizosphere spatial distribution characteristics of β-glucosidase(3AHZ),alkaline phosphatase(1ANI),and chitinase(1CTN)with cadmium(Cd)(with concentration gradients of 1,3,5,10,15,and 20 mg·kg-1)and Trifolium repens L.as the target pollutant and test plant,respectively,followed by the elucidation of the interaction mechanisms between soil enzymes and Cd by molecular docking technology.The results showed that the hotspot area of 3AHZ increased most significantly at Cd concentrations of 5～15 mg·kg-1,with activity higher than the control group.At Cd concentrations<5 mg·kg-1,hormesis was observed for rhizosphere 1ANI,reflected by an increase in enzyme hotspot area.The activity of 1CTN showed no significant correlation with Cd stress.Molecular docking results indicated that Cd2+can bind to amino acid residues of enzymes via metal complex bonds,forming metal-protein complexes that alter protease structure and affect their activity.These findings enhance the understanding of rhizosphere tolerance and resistance to heavy metals and provide a theoretical basis for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils.
soil enzyme activityin situ zymogrammolecular dockingCdTrifolium repens L.
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