Anthropogenic ammonia emissions change and spatial distribution characteristics in Northwest Region of China during year 2008 to 2020
Ammonia(NH3)emissions have attracted increasing attention due to their potential to form secondary aerosols in the atmosphere.Taking the Northwest Region of China as the study area,which consists of five provinces(autonomous regions):Shaanxi Province,Gansu Province,Qinghai Province,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,an ammonia emission inventory for the region during year 2008 to 2020 was constructed based on the emission activities of 10 different ammonia sources,using the emission factor method.Meanwhile,the ammonia emissions in 2020 were represented with a spatial grid distribution of 1 km×1 km using ArcGIS software.The results show that:during the study period of 2008-2020,ammonia emissions in the Northwest Region generally displayed a stable trend,ranging from 1291.99×103 to 1525.74×103 t,with an annual variation rate of-2.78%to 6.00%.Agricultural sources accounted for 94.83%to 95.21%of the total ammonia emissions,while non-agricultural sources accounted for 4.79%to 5.17%.In 2020,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region had the largest ammonia emissions,645.39×103 t,accounting for 43.03%of the total ammonia emissions in the study area,followed by Gansu Province and Shanxi Province with emissions of 21.44%and 16.76%,respectively.Sheep,goats and beef cattle were the largest sources of ammonia emissions from livestock and poultry farming,accounting for about 37.25%,19.22%and 18.47%,respectively.Urea accounted for 97.52%of ammonia nitrogen emissions from nitrogen fertilizer application.In 2020,the spatial distribution of ammonia emissions in the Northwest Region was significantly different.High levels of ammonia emissions were mainly concentrated in the eastern part of Qinghai Province,the northern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,and the eastern part of Gansu Province.In contrast,low levels of ammonia emissions were mainly distributed in the western part of Gansu Province,as well as in areas other than the eastern part of Qinghai Province,the middle eastern region,and the southern part of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,where human activities were less prevalent.At the 95%confidence interval,the uncertainty range in 2020 was from-18.29%to 20.94%.Each emission source was between-18.15%and 21.53%,with the uncertainty in livestock and poultry farming ranging from-8.80%to 9.58%.
Northwest Region of Chinaammonia emissions inventoryinterannual variationspatial distributionuncertainty analysis
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