工业园区是中国新型制造业和智能产业的关键枢纽,也是大气污染物的重要排放源.由于工业园区独特的时空特征,园区内的大气污染物通常被局限于热动力湍流强烈且水平非均一的近地面常通量层内,而非传统的用于评估大气环境容量的大气边界层内.本研究基于临界理查森数和湍流混合长理论,推导出适用于工业园区空间范围(1～10 km)的近地面大气常通量层高度的理论公式,再将该公式应用于计算工业园区尺度实时大气环境容量,再结合园区内大气污染物浓度监测数据,最终求得大气污染物实时排放量,从而实现了一种可以实时计算工业园区排放强度的算法EMAC(Emission model based on the near-ground atmospheric environmental capacity).本文进一步使用中国东部某工业园区2023年1-5月的监测站点数据,以及2008年、2010年MIX-Asia排放清单数据与2015年、2017年MIXv2排放清单数据,对EMAC的结果进行了多手段验证.此外,还将验证结果与传统的高斯型大气扩散模型结果进行了比较.结果表明:①引入基于临界理查森数得到的近地面常通量层高度计算工业园区时空尺度下大气环境容量,模拟得到的排放估计与使用传统基于物料平衡法和基于高斯型烟羽模拟的计算结果比较吻合,这证明了使用近地面常通量层作为工业园区局地大气环境容量的垂直指标的合理性;②EMAC的排放估计准确性和稳定性显著受到观测的污染物浓度和监测站的空间分布的影响,这可能与建筑区近地面气象场的水平非均一性特征有关.因此,采用密集网格化布置的站点布点方案,可以进一步提高模型计算的准确性和稳定性.
Assessment of near-surface constant flux layer height in the scale of the industrial park and its application in real-time validation of air pollutant emission
Industrial parks are key important for China's emerging manufacturing and intelligent industries and one of the main sources of atmospheric pollutants.Due to the special spatiotemporal characteristics of these parks,pollutants tends to be accumulated in the near-ground atmospheric layer,in which the strong turbulence is and horizontal heterogeneity are existed,but rarely reach the top of the atmospheric boundary layer.In this study,a algorithm based on the critical Richardson number and the theory of turbulent mixing length was employed for calculating the height of the near-ground constant flux layer over industrial park areas(range of 1～10 km).Then the model is applied to calculate the real-time atmospheric environmental capacity in the industrial park scale.Further the pollutant emissions within the industrial park were obtained by combining it with observations of pollutant concentrations in the park.Finally,the Emission Model based on the near-ground Atmospheric environmental Capacity(EMAC)is completed.Then the results from EMAC were validated by the station observation from an industrial park in eastern China during January to May 2023,as well as emission inventory data by MIX-Asia project for the years 2008,2010,2015 and 2017.Additionally,the results by EMAC were also compared with those by the common widely used Gaussian model for dispersion(GMD).The results are as follows:①The near-surface constant flux layer height based on critical Richardson number is introduced to calculate the atmospheric environmental capacity of industrial park at spatial-temporal scale.The emission estimates obtained from the simulation are in good agreement with the traditional method based on material balance and Gaussian plume simulation.This result confirms the validity of using the near-ground constant flux layer as a vertical indicator of local atmospheric environmental capacity in industrial parks;②The accuracy of emission estimates using the EMAC model is significantly influenced by the observed pollutant concentrations and the spatial distribution of observation stations.This is probably due to the horizontal heterogeneity of the near-ground meteorological field in built-up areas.Therefore,the accuracy and stability of model calculation can be further improved by adopting the site layout scheme with relatively high density.
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