摘要
为了解填埋场垃圾开采过程中微生物气溶胶的污染特征,采用Andersen 6级空气微生物采样器对贵州省铜仁市某垃圾填埋场开采过程中不同区域的微生物气溶胶进行采集,研究了垃圾开采过程中气溶胶可培养细菌和真菌浓度分布特征,解析了气溶胶颗粒物形貌特征与理化特性及其对微生物群落结构的影响.结果表明:①可培养微生物气溶胶浓度为机械作业区(开挖区和筛分区)>厂界下风向>厂界上风向.②气溶胶颗粒物中,Galbibacter marinus、Chryseolinea sp.、Arthrobotrys amerospora和Pseudallescheria angusta是最常见的优势菌种.③开采区域气溶胶颗粒物形貌特征和矿物类型呈多样性,以不规则团聚体、略规则大块状体和表面光滑圆球状3种形貌为主,主要矿物类型有硅铝酸盐/硅氧矿物、硅铝飞灰、铁氧化物颗粒等.④颗粒物上绝大多数水溶性离子与赋存的优势菌种呈负相关,F-、Cl-、Ca2+、K+等水溶性离子与Rhodothermaceae sp.、Actinomarinales sp.等微生物呈正相关.⑤颗粒物中的Zn、Pb、Cr、As、Ni等重金属会抑制绝大多数细菌和真菌的生长繁殖.
Abstract
In order to understand the pollution characteristics of microbial aerosols associated with waste mining in landfills,microbial aerosol samples were collected from different regions of a landfill mining site in Tongren,Guizhou Province,utilizing an Andersen six level air microbial sampler.This study investigated the concentration distribution patterns of culturable bacteria and fungi in aerosols during waste mining,and the morphological and physicochemical characteristics of aerosol particles and their influence on microbial community structure.The results showed that:①The concentration of culturable microbial aerosol was highest in the mechanical working area(mining area and screening area),followed by downwind direction of plant boundary and lowest in the upwind direction of plant boundary.② Galbibacter marinus,Chryseolinea sp.,Arthrobotrys amerospora and Pseudallescheria angusta were the predominant strains in the aerosol particles.③The morphological characteristics and mineral compositions of aerosol particles in the waste mining area were diverse,mainly consisting of irregular aggregates,slightly regular large chunks and smooth spherical surfaces,and the main mineral types included silicaluminate/silicooxide minerals,silica-aluminum fly ash and iron oxide particles.④Most of the water-soluble ions in the particles were negatively correlated with the dominant strains,and the water-soluble ions such as F-,Cl-,Ca2+,K+were positively correlated with bacteria like Rhodothermaceae sp.and Actinomarinales sp..⑤Heavy metals,such as Zn,Pb,Cr,As and Ni,in particles can inhibit the growth and reproduction of most bacteria and fungi.
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