Bird Diversity Characteristics in Different Habitats during Urbanization in the Tropics:A Case of Haikou City
Rapid urban development will inevitably lead to significant habitat changes,which can have negative impacts on biodiversity and the maintenance of ecosystem functions.To investigate how bird communities use different habitats during urbanization in the tropics,this study used a combination of transect lines and sampling points to conduct a bird diversity survey at 137 sites in Haikou City,Hainan Province in 2022.This study classified the habitats into four habitat types,including forest,wetland,urban and farmland.The results showed that:(1)Haikou City harbors 198 bird species and 34 national key bird species.The level of α-diversity in natural habitats such as forest and wetland was higher than that in farmland and urban habitats,maintaining 71.92%of the number of species and 88.28%of the number of individuals,which was the main habitat type relied upon by bird communities in Haikou City.(2)Changes in bird communities across different habitats were mainly driven by the species turnover process,with an overall β-diversity of 0.82.There were significant differences in bird composition between natural and human-disturbed habitats,with higher turnover rates between wetlands and cities and between wetlands and farmland,with a spatial turnover component(βSIM)value of 0.7.(3)Bird communities in wetland habitats had the highest level of functional diversity,indicating a high degree of ecological niche differentiation and abundant ecological space.In contrast,habitats highly disturbed by human activities,such as farmland and towns,had a habitat-filtering effect on bird communities,effectively screening out birds highly adapted to urban ecosystems,such as those with larger body size or omnivorous nature.This study reveals the current status of bird resources and habitat use characteristics in Haikou City,suggesting that a multi-habitat urban landscape pattern could enhance the sustainability of different bird groups,and that scientific and rational management of land use types could contribute to a high level of biodiversity.
万方数据
维普
