生态空间的分区比例设定是影响地方政府能否以最小的财政投入来最大化保护重要生态空间的直接因素，恰如其分地划定优先保护空间颇具挑战性。本研究以生态系统面积-服务效益最大化为目标，遵循"空间效率优先、兼顾空间连续性"的分区原则，创建单位面积水源涵养服务贡献率(per-unit-area contribution rate of water conservation services，PCRWCS)用以判定分区阈值，提出基于"面积-服务-格局"的优先保护空间划定方法，并以张家口-承德地区(简称"张承地区")为例开展了实例应用分析。结果表明:①PCRWCS用以识别优先保护空间的划分阈值，可以定量识别出水源涵养量相对较大的栅格，避免了传统统计分区方法中分级数量、断点识别凭主观判断的弊端以及对生态过程及相互作用机制考虑不足的问题。②PCRWCS≥1 的栅格经临近斑块聚合、破碎细小斑块剔除以及边界优化后，在空间上呈集中连片分布状态，范围覆盖了京津城市群主要水源地(密云水库、潘家口水库)的上游汇水区域，其中森林生态系统面积占比最高。③划定的张承地区优先保护空间，以 49。0%的面积提供了66。3%的水源涵养量，实现了"以小面积提供大服务"的效果，生态系统完整性得到增强。研究显示，利用"面积-服务-格局"方法划定的优先保护空间，既保护了水源涵养服务较高、空间连续性较强的森林、草地、湿地生态系统，又预留了城镇空间，在实践中解决了优先保护空间"划多大"的问题，为权衡国土开发与生态保护的空间竞争关系提供了新途径。
A Hybrid Area-Service-Pattern Method for Delineating Priority Areas for Conservation:A Case Study of Zhangjiakou-Chengde Region
The proportional setting of ecological space zoning is a direct factor affecting whether local governments can maximize the protection of important ecological space with the minimum financial input,and it is quite challenging to appropriately demarcate the Priority Areas for Conservation(PAC).This study aims to maximize the area-service benefit of the ecosystem by following the zoning principle of'giving priority to spatial efficiency and taking into account spatial continuity'.The Per-unit-area Contribution Rate of Water Conservation Services(PCRWCS)was developed to determine the zoning threshold,and a method for demarcating the PAC based on the'area-service-pattern'was proposed.The Zhangjiakou-Chengde region(referred to as the Zhang-Cheng region)was used as a case study to demonstrate the application.The results show that:(1)PCRWCS is used to identify thresholds for PAC,enabling the quantitative identification of grids with relatively large water conservation capacity,avoiding the drawbacks of subjective judgments in traditional statistical zoning methods,such as classification quantity and breakpoint identification,as well as insufficient consideration of ecological processes and interaction mechanisms.(2)After the grids with PCRWCS≥1 are aggregated by adjacent patches,tiny fragmented patches are removed,and the boundary is optimized.They are in a concentrated and contiguous distribution state in space,covering the upstream catchment areas of the main water sources(Miyun Reservoir,Panjiakou Reservoir)of the Beijing-Tianjin urban agglomeration,among which the forest ecosystem accounts for the highest proportion.(3)The demarcated PAC in Zhang-Cheng region provides 66.3%of the total water conservation with an area of 49.0%,achieving the effect of'providing large services with a small area'while enhancing ecosystem integrity.The research shows that the PAC demarcated by using the'area-service-pattern'method not only protects the forest,grassland and wetland ecosystems with high water conservation services and strong spatial continuity,but also reserves urban space,solves the problem of'how large the PAC should be'in practice,and provides a new way to balance the spatial competitive relationship between land development and ecological protection.
area-service-patternper-unit-area contribution rate of water conservation services(PCRWCS)ecological thresholdpriority areas for conservation(PAC)Zhangjiakou-Chengde region
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
