In-situ remediation of black-odor sediments through calcium nitrate:A review and perspective
Calcium nitrate has been widely applied in the in-situ remediation of black-odor sediments,in which nitrate is employed as electron acceptor and utilised with sulphate by microorganisms prior to Fe(Ⅲ),and the bio-processes involved such as Anammox and DNRA drive the bio-oxidation of eliminating AVS,Fe(Ⅱ)and relevant organic matters.Furthermore,calcium nitrate is able to inhibit the bio-reduction process in which SO2-4 and Fe(Ⅲ)are act as electron acceptor,and so that the production of black-odor matters can be inhibited from the very beginning.However,the introduction of calcium nitrate into sediments may result in a high local nitrate concentration and microorganisms activity inhibition.In addition,a concentration gradient of calcium nitrate may form and result in the release of calcium nitrate into the overlying water with low utilisation efficiency,regulating the release rate of calcium nitrate is expected to solve this problem.
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