A new quantum sealed-bid auction protocol based on strongly nonlocal orthogonal product states
Quantum sealed-bid auctions(QSA),as a special form of transaction,have important applications in financial fields.A new QSA protocol has been proposed using a set of strongly nonlocal orthogonal product(SNOP)states.In this protocol,the auction center,the third-party,is not involved in the auction and verification process,and entangled states are not needed,therefore,the problem of excessive third-party participation authority is solved to improve the practicality of the protocol.Due to the local indistinguishability of the SNOP states,the attackers cannot restore the secret information to ensure security of the protocol with some particles.And all participants are involved in verifying the winner's bid,which solves the problem of multi-party collusion safely and efficiently.The security and integrity analysis demonstrates that the protocol meets all the requirements for secure sealed-bid auctions,including anonymity,public verifiability fairness,traceability,non-repudiation and accountability of bidder.
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