摘要
针对现有研究未对星载红外非制冷探火能力和空间可靠性定量化分析,限制山火监测卫星发展的问题,利用红外遥感成像原理,通过理论推导和地面燃烧实验,系统对比星载红外非制冷和制冷的探火能力,同时分析非制冷空间可靠性.结果表明:在黑体辐射中,非制冷和制冷红外可探测473 K面积像素比不小于1/9亚像素目标;在真实燃烧物中,两者均可探测面积像素比1/36亚像素山火目标,其中木材信杂比最小,为14 dB;对于500 km、60 m分辨率的山火小卫星,星载红外非制冷可探测10 m级小面积山火.同时空间热实验结果表明:星上控温在1℃以内,非制冷可保持良好的空间可靠性,为构建低轨山火红外卫星星座提供科学指导,提高输电线路山火时空精度,保障电网稳定安全运行.
Abstract
In response to the lack of quantitative analysis on the fire detection capability and spatial reliability of spaceborne infrareduncooled systems in existing research,which limits the development of wildfire monitoring satellites,the infrared remote sensing imaging principle is utilized to systematically compare the fire detection capabilities of spaceborne infrared non cooling and cooling systems through theoretical derivation and ground combustion experiments,while analyzing the reliability of uncooledspace.The results indicate that both uncooled and cooled infrared detectors can detect sub-pixel targets with a temperature of 473 K occupying at least 1/9 of a pixel in blackbody radiation.In the case of real burning materials,both types can detect wildfire targets that occupy 1/36 of a pixel,with the minimum signal-to-clutter ratiofor wood being 14dB.For a small wildfire satellite operating at an altitude of 500 km with a resolution of 60 meters,the spaceborne uncooled infrared detector is capable of detecting small area wildfires on the order of 10 meters.Additionally,results from spatial thermal experiments demonstrate that maintaining temperature control within 1℃on orbit allows uncooled detectors to maintain good spatial reliability.This provides valuable scientific guidance for constructing low earth orbit infrared satellite constellations for wildfire detection,ultimately improving the spatiotemporal accuracy of monitoring wildfires along transmission lines and ensuring the stable and safe operation of the power grid.
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