Spatial-Temporal Differentiation and Influencing Factors of Urban Sustainability Level in Shandong Province
In response to the goals of sustainable cities and human settlements construction of the United Nations,the article clarified the connotation and composition of sustainable cities,constructs an evaluation index system that included four aspects:Resilience,safety,sustainability and inclusion.It used entropy weight TOPSIS,kernel density estimation,and Tobit regression methods to study the spatial and temporal differences and influencing factors of urban sustainability in Shandong Province.From 2011 to 2020,the sustainable level of cities in Shandong Province showed an upward trend,but the overall level was still low,and the gap between cities was narrowing.The spatial characteristics of urban sustainability were high in the east,low in the west,high in the north,and low in the south.From the perspective of criteria,inclusivity and safety were the main obstacles to improving the sustainable level of cities in Shandong Province,and the hindrance of inclusivity to sustainable level has weakened,while the hindrance of safety has increased.From the indicator level,the top five obstacles were the proportion of direct economic losses caused by fire accidents to GDP,the number of international internet users per 10 000 people,the number of secondary vocational students per 10 000 people,the proportion of direct economic losses caused by traffic accidents to GDP,and the area of centralized heating in households.
SDGssustainable citiesspatial-temporal differentiationShandong Province
NETL
NSTL
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