Analysis of Pollution Characteristics and Sources of Two Typical Hazes in Zhengzhou City in Winter
In this study,PM2.5 components and meteorological data were monitored at Zhengzhou environmental quality automatic monitoring station in Henan Province from January 10,2021 to January 31,2021,to study the characteristics and sources of two typical hazes pollution in Zhengzhou in winter.The mean PM2.5 concentration of the first pollution event(PE1)was(68.8±39.0)μg·m-3,and that of the second pollution event(PE2)was(130.3±76.1)μg·m-3.In PE1 and PE2,the contribution of water-soluble ions to the mean concentration of PM2.5 was 36.8％and 74.9％,respectively,and the contributions of SO42-,NO3-and NH4+to water-soluble ions was 77.5％and 93.9％,respectively.Through enrichment factor analysis,Se,Cd,Sb,Sn,Ag,Si and other elements may come from human activities.The PMF source analysis model is used to analyze the sources of pollution events.The main sources of pollution during the PE1 pollution period were soil dust(35.50％),coal+biomass combustion(25.29％)and secondary formation(26.91％),mainly caused by construction,road dust and the increase in coal burning during the winter heating period.In the PE2 pollution period,the main pollution source is secondary formation(80.05％),suggesting that a large formation of secondary ions(138.26 μg·m-3)cause air pollution.The health risk assessment showed that the HQ of Mn in PE1 and PE2 periods was greater than 1,indicating a non-carcinogenic risk.The total exposure of As,Cd,Co,Cr,Ni and Pb to carcinogenic risk was greater than 1 × 10-6,indicating a possible carcinogenic risk.The results of backward trajectory cluster analysis show that the PE1 period is mainly influenced by the long distance transportation from northwest and meteorological conditions,while the PE2 period is mainly influenced by the short distance transportation from northeast and the surrounding industrial cities.
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