Laser cladding technology,emerging as an advanced surface treatment,inevitably encounters some defects during its application,posing barriers to its further progression.This study prestents the fundamental mechanisms underlying crack and pore formation during laser cladding.Various strategies to effectively mitigate defect generation and propagation are identified,encompassing parameter optimization,substrate preheating,post-treatment,element incorporation,and the utilization of auxiliary processes.This research provides vital theoretical foundations for the future advancement and application of laser cladding technology.
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