Study on the Changes of Intestinal Flora in Patients with Graves'Disease and Graves'Ophthalmopathy Before and After Treatment
Objective To investigate the changes of intestinal flora structure in patients with Graves'disease and Graves'ophthalmopathy before and after treatment and the correlation with clinical parameters.Methods The newly diagnosed Graves'disease and Graves'ophthalmopathy patients in the author's hospital from May 2022 to August 2023 were selected as the Graves'disease group(n=20)and Graves'ophthalmopathy group(n=20),and the healthy popula-tion matched to age and gender was selected as the control group(n=20).Serum and fecal samples were collected from the control group,Graves'disease and Graves'ophthalmopathy patients before and after treatment,and the information of intestinal microbiota was obtained by 16SrRNA gene sequencing,and the changes of intestinal microbiota and clinical indicators before and after treatment were compared among the control group,Graves'disease group and Graves'ophthalmopathy group.Results There were statistically significant differences in thyroid function indexes and liver function indexes among the three groups(all P＜0.05).Compared with the healthy control group,the Alpha di-versity of intestinal microbiota in the Graves disease group and the Graves'ophthalmopathy group was significantly lower(all P＜0.05),and its diversity improved to a cer-tain extent after treatment.At the phylum level,Bacte-roidota were enriched in the Graves disease group and Graves'ophthalmopathy group,and Proteobacteria were enriched in the control group.The Bacteroidota in the Graves'disease group and Graves'ophthalmopathy group were lower than those before treatment(all P＜0.05).At the genus level,Bacteroides and Prevotella were enriched in Graves'disease group,Klebsiella and Lachnoclostridium were enriched in Graves'ophthalmopathy group,and Faecalibacterium,Eubac-terium and Lactobacillus were enriched in the control group;after treatment,the levels of Eubacterium and Lactobacillus in the Graves'disease group and and Graves'ophthalmopathy group were higher than those before treatment,and the lev-el of Lachnoclostridium was decreased(all P＜0.05).In the Graves Graves'disease and the Graves'ophthalmopathy group,Bacteroides was positively correlated with thyrotrophin receptor antibody(TRAb),thyroxine(T4)and triiodothy-ronine(T3),Lachnoclostridium was positively correlated with T4,free thyroxine(FT4),free triiodothyronine(FT3)and T3,and Eubacterium was negatively correlated with T4 and T3.Conclusion The species richness and species diversity of in-testinal microbiota in patients with Graves'disease and Graves'ophthalmopathy decreased;the proportion of bacteria phylum and bacteria genus in the intestinal flora are out of balance;after treatment,the intestinal flora improved to a certain extent,but the intestinal flora disorder was not completely corrected.
Graves'diseaseGraves'ophthalmopathyIntestinal flora16SrRNA gene sequencingAlpha diversi-tyPhylum of bacteriaGenus of bacteria
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