摘要
目的 探究噪声暴露时长对电力行业人群听力损失的影响.方法 选取长三角地区3家电力企业834名工人为研究对象,使用纯音气导听阈测试法检测工人左、右耳在语频(500、1 000和2 000Hz)和高频(3 000、4 000和6 000Hz)下的听力水平.单因素分析和logistic回归分析性别、年龄、吸烟、饮酒、噪声暴露时长、防护用品佩戴和企业规模大小等因素对听力损失的影响.结果 年龄、噪声暴露时长、防护用品佩戴和吸烟对工人高频、语频和高频并语频听力损失均具有影响(P＜0.05).其中,噪声暴露时长对工人听力影响尤其显著(P＜0.01).相比噪声暴露时长≤10年的人群,噪声暴露时长每增加10年,工人发生高频听力损失风险分别增至原来的3.204、6.019和5.778倍(P＜0.05);语频听力损失的风险分别增至原来的1.103、2.654和1.876倍;高频并语频听力损失的风险分别增至原来的1.590、2.578和3.170倍(P＜0.05);当排除混杂因素后,噪声暴露时长达到10～12年时工人罹患高频听力损失和高频并语频听力损失的风险高达50％.结论 年龄、噪声暴露时长、防护用品佩戴和吸烟是电力行业工人听力损失的关键影响因素,其中噪声暴露时长越长,听力损失风险相应升高.
Abstract
Objective To investigate the impact of noise exposure duration on hearing loss among the individuals working in the power production industry.Methods A total of 834 workers from three electric power companies in the Yangtze River Delta region were selected as the subjects of the study.The pure tone air conduction threshold tests were used to measure the hearing levels of the left and right ears of the workers at speech frequencies(500,1 000,and 2 000Hz)and high frequencies(3 000,4 000,and 6 000 Hz).Univariate analysis and logistic regres-sion analysis were conducted to assess the effects of gender,age,smoking,alcohol consumption,noise exposure duration,use of protective equipment and company size on hearing loss.Results The age,noise exposure duration,use of protective equipment,and smoking all significantly affected the workers'high-frequency,speech frequency and combined high-frequency and speech frequency hearing loss(P＜0.05).The noise exposure duration had a particularly significant impact on workers'hearing(P＜0.01).Compared to those with noise exposure of ≤10 years,for each additional 10 years of exposure,the risk of high-frequency hearing loss in workers increased to 3.204,6.019,and 5.778 times the original respectively,the risk of speech frequency hearing loss increased to 2.654 and 1.876 times the original respectively(P＜0.05),and the risk of combined high-frequency and speech frequency hear-ing loss increased to 1.590,2.578,and 3.170 times the original respectively(P＜0.05).After eliminating the confounding factors,the risk of high-frequency hearing loss and combined high-frequency and speech frequency hearing loss in workers with noise exposure duration of 10～12 years reached 50％.Conclusion Age,noise expo-sure duration,use of protective equipment,and smoking are key factors affecting hearing loss among workers in the electric power industry,with longer noise exposure durations corresponding to higher risks of hearing loss.
维普
万方数据