[Purposes]To facilitate upgrading and transformation of manufacturing patterns and enable manufactured objects to complete specific tasks under complex and variable conditions,it is imminent to study 4D printing technologies.[Methods]The shape memory smart materials used in 4D printing tech-nology are sorted out,and the 4D printing technology of shape memory polymer and shape memory ce-ramic is mainly introduced.The development status and path of 4D printing technology of the two indus-try leaders,Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Carbon Co.,Ltd.,are analyzed.[Find-ings]At present,4D printing technology mostly uses shape memory polymers and shape memory ceram-ics.The use of materials has limitations,and the integration with other intelligent production methods is not high.The research on 4D printing technology pays more attention to the manufacturing of products,but lacks consideration of process optimization design and product economy as well as industry.[Conclu-sions]In the future,the development of 4D printing technology should focus on how to break through the limitations of preparation materials,lower the difficulty of precision control,decelerate the speed and re-duce the degree of deformation,and save cost of preparation and design,so as to promote the research and development of smart materials and the accurate shaping of complex structures,thus achieving the comprehensive upgrading from the application in the medical field to industrial manufacturing.
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