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硅碳复合材料结构设计及其在锂离子电池中的应用进展

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新能源行业的快速发展对锂离子电池能量密度的需求提出了更高的要求.传统石墨负极容量接近理论极限,而硅材料凭借高比容量、低锂化电位和丰富储量,成为下一代高性能锂离子电池的理想选择.然而,硅材料在合金化过程中会产生巨大的体积变化,且其较差的本征电子导电性,限制了进一步的产业化应用.通过与具有优异导电性及良好稳定性的碳材料复合可有效解决上述问题.本文基于硅材料的反应机理及体积膨胀引发的问题,阐述了硅碳复合材料的性能优势及研究进展,对包覆型、负载型以及分散型硅碳复合材料的结构设计策略进行了分析对比,并在成本、可制造性等方面对未来硅碳材料的应用进行了展望.
Advances in Structural Design of Silicon-Carbon Composites and Their Application in Lithium-Ion Batteries
With the rapid development of the new energy industry,the requirements for higher energy density of lithium-ion batteries are raised.Traditional graphite anode has approached its theoreticallimit,so silicon material with higher theoretical capacity,lower lithium potential and abundant reserves,become the ideal choice for the next generation of high-performance lithium-ion batteries.However,the large volume change of silicon material during alloying and its poor intrinsic electronic conductivity limits its further industrial application.The above problems can be effectively solved by combining with carbon materials with excellent electrical conductivity and good stability.Based on the reaction mechanism of silicon materials and the problems caused by volume expansion,this paper describes the performance advantages and research progress of silicon carbon composite materials,analyzes and compares the structural design strategies of coated,supported and dispersed silicon-carbon composites,and looks forward to the future application of silicon-carbon materials in terms of cost and manufacturability.

lithium-ion batteriessilicon-carboncomposite materialstructural design

张振华、邹伟、李豪、江浩庆

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河南省科学院激光制造研究所,郑州 450046

锂离子电池 硅碳 复合材料 结构设计

2025

河南科学
河南省科学院

河南科学

影响因子:0.391
ISSN:1004-3918
年,卷(期):2025.43(1)