Carbon-based composites,characterized by excellent high-temperature mechanical properties,low density,and strong thermal shock resistance,have become critical materials for addressing extreme service environments in aerospace,deep-space exploration,and hypersonic vehicles.However,their oxidation failure in high-temperature oxidative environments severely restricts their engineering applications.Oxidation protection technology has been proven to be an effective strategy for extending the service life of carbon-based composites.This paper systematically reviews recent advancements in enhancing the performance of carbon-based composites through matrix modification techniques,surface coating designs,and the optimization of ultra-high-temperature ceramic powders.The application potential of functionalized carbon-based composites under complex service environments is also explored,with particular attention to breakthroughs in high-temperature wave-absorbing stealth materials and bioinspired anti-icing coatings.In response to existing technological challenges,future research directions are proposed,including multiscale structural design,engineering optimization of fabrication processes,and standardization of comprehensive performance evaluation systems,to promote the widespread application of carbon-based composites in extreme service conditions.
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