By using the temperature data from 121 national surface meteorological stations in Henan Province,this article analyzes the spatial distributions of extreme highest temperatures(40.0 to 44.6 ℃)and extreme low temperatures(-23.6 to-13.1 ℃)as well as the variation pattern of temperature in Henan Province.Addtionally,the methods of controlling the quality of temperature data are summarized as follows:(1)Checking whether the data is within a reasonable range;(2)checking whether the data conforms to the variation pattern;(3)checking whether the data is correlated to relevant elements;(4)checking whether the data conforms to time consistency;(5)checking the spatial consistency of the data;(6)identifying errors in the data with instantaneous values unchanged for 60 min or the hourly val-ue unchanged for 24 hours;(7)performing critical value checks;(8)examining whether abnormal tem-perature changes are caused by weather events.