Effects of altitude on coffee leaf rust(Hemileia vastatrix)in the dry-hot region
In order to clarify the harmful symptoms and annual dynamics of coffee leaf rust in dry-hot regions,as well as the impact of altitude gradients on coffee leaf rust and mycoparasitic fungi,the symptoms of coffee leaf rust were observed in the field and its annual dynamics were monitored.An investigation was conducted on the occurrence of coffee leaf rust and mycoparasitic fungi in Arabica coffee plantations at 9 gradients of altitude from 700 to 1 500 m in the dry-hot region of Baoshan,Yunnan.The results show that the coffee leaf rust occurs throughout the year,with the peaks being in December,February and April,and most severe in December in the dry-hot region.The infection of coffee leaf rust is significantly correlated with altitude.The infection of coffee leaf rust at an altitude of 1 500 meters is significantly higher than that at the other eight altitude gradients from 700 m to 1 400 m.Coffee leaf rust occurs all the year round at an altitude of 1 400 m to 1 500 m,and does not occur for more than 2 months at an altitude of 700 m to 1 300 m.The mycoparasitism of coffee leaf rust was found from November to June,and had two peaks,in January with a mycoparasitization rate of(20.19±5.44)％and in March(25.70±5.72)％,respectively.The mycoparasitization increased with the altitude,and the mycoparasitization rates at 1 400 m and 1 500 m were significantly higher than those at the other seven altitude gradients ranging from 800 m to 1 300 m.All these results indicate that altitude has a significant impact on coffee leaf rust,and that the occurrence of mycoparasites and coffee leaf rust is significantly delayed in the dry-hot region.In the areas of high altitude,the mycoparasitization rate of coffee leaf rust exceeds 20％,and the mycoparasitic fungi shows promise as a biocontrol agent of the coffee leaf rust.
altitudecoffee leaf rustmycoparasitic fungusannual dynamicsdry-hot region
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