南海常见的黑芋螺Conus marmoreus Linnaeus,1758和其近似种花巾芋螺Conus bandanus Hwass in Bru-guiere,1792贝壳形态相近,在我国海区分布区域重叠,极易混淆,为了区分这两种芋螺,澄清混淆,笔者通过文献的查阅和对标本的反复对比,分别查明它们之间贝壳形态和习性方面的差异,结果表明:黑芋螺壳面近三角形白斑大小和分布相对较均匀,无黑褐色螺带,体螺层肩部多钝圆,其上突起不发达或消失;花巾芋螺壳面白斑大小和分布不均匀,体螺层中部具2条明显的黑褐色螺带,肩部棱角状,其上突起明显,且通常栖息在比前者水深更深的海底.此外,花巾芋螺此前在我国见于台湾省,本研究发现了该种在南海新的分布点,进一步完善了其在我国海区的地理分布信息;同时也可为准确鉴定芋螺毒素来源生物提供了可靠依据.
Comparative study on Conus marmoreus and the similar species
The species diversity of the Conidae is extremely high,and has been getting extensive attention for the research of conotoxin(CTx).In China waters,conids are distributed mainly in Taiwan province and the South China Sea,and there are more than 160 species so far,accounting for almost 17％of the global conids species.The common Conidae species in the South China Sea,Conus marmoreus Linnaeus,1758 is similar to Conus bandanus Hwass in Bruguière,1792 in shape and there is some overlap in their distribution range in China seas,so they are easy to be confused.Our comparative study between the two species is conducted on the Conus specimens deposited in Marine Biodiversity Collections of South China Sea(SCSMBC,Guangzhou).The taxonomic confusion of the two species is clarified on shell morphology and habitat:C.marmoreus has week shoulder tubercles or even absent,and both the size and the pattern of the nearly triangular white spots on the body-whorl surface are relatively uniform,without dark brown spiral bands;while C.bandanus has more pronounced spire tubercles and a less regular pattern with two distinct dark color bands.Ecological differences also favour separation at the species level:C.bandanus usually lives in deeper water.In China,C.bandanus has been found in Taiwan before;the speciesmens examinated in this work were collected from Hainan,Xisha Islands and Nansha Islands,which further improves the geographical distribution information of C.bandanus in China Seas and can also provide a reliable basis for the accurate identification of CTx-derived organisms.
ConidaeConus marmoreusConus bandanussimilar speciesSouth China Sea
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