The Emission Reduction Effect of Environmental Regulations in Urban Agglomerations under the"Dual Carbon"Goal:On the Porter Hypothesis and the Pollution Paradise Hypothesis
Using panel data from 16 cities in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomerations from 2010 to 2020 as samples,a spatial econometric model and a nonlinear threshold model were used to examine the impact of envi-ronmental regulations on carbon emissions.Results show that carbon emissions in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban ag-glomerations exhibit spatial polarization,mostly in forms of high-high clustering(H-H)and low-low clustering(L-L).The spatial effects of environmental regulations on urban carbon emissions exhibit heterogeneity,with local cit-ies conforming to the"green paradox"and surrounding cities exhibiting a"demonstration effect".When the energy intensity and trade openness are used as threshold values,environmental regulations have a significant dual-thresh-old effect on carbon emissions.When the threshold value is low,environmental regulations have the strongest inhib-itory effect on carbon emissions.As the threshold value increases,the impact of environmental regulations on carbon emissions shifts from the inhibition to the promotion.Therefore,it is necessary to fully consider regional differences,control the intensity of environmental regulations to ensure corporate profits,promote the low-carbon transformation of industries,and provide new ideas for urban agglomerations to use environmental regulations to reduce carbon emissions.
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