Demystifying the Carbon Footprint of Electric Vehicle Batteries Within the Whole Life Cycle
The calculation rules for the carbon footprint of electric vehicle batteries outlined in Regulation(EU)2023/1542 are systematically studied within the context of their entire life cycle.The carbon emissions associated with batteries during the phases of raw material acquisition and pre-processing,manufacturing,distribution,and waste treatment and recycling are reviewed,underscoring the critical importance of life cycle analysis.A compara-tive assessment of the carbon footprints of various battery types is presented.Based on the findings,scenario predic-tions and carbon reduction strategies for electric vehicle batteries are proposed.These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the sustainable development of electric vehicles and provide a scientific foundation for policy for-mulation.
life cycle assessmentlithium-ion batterycarbon footprintelectric vehicle