作为"正信"的阿Q"精神胜利法"
Ah Q's"Method of Spiritual Victory"as"True Faith"
孙伟1
作者信息
- 1. 暨南大学 文学院,广东 广州 510632
- 折叠
摘要
阿Q的"精神胜利法",蕴藏着近现代中国社会转型期德行品质重建的重要问题.赵太爷所代表的旧乡绅和假洋鬼子所代表的新的知识阶层都缺少"正信"品质,而这恰构成了阿Q精神胜利的底气.这种状况与宋以来理学的发展历史,尤其与清紧密相关.清朝统治者将程朱理学作为统合社会的主流意识形态,在承接明制的基础上发展出了乡村社会管理方式.经过有清一代的理学教化,"民"严守礼法,"士"言行分离.晚清西学东渐,留学生逐渐接替旧乡绅成为新的统治阶层,但依然延续着无法得到民的认同的老问题.作为经过教化、遵守礼法已成为主观无意识的底层农民阿Q,其言行严格按照圣经贤传,但内在观念与基本生存的矛盾,使其只得以"精神胜利法"来弥补两者间的裂隙.阿Q的言行分离和名实不符是被动的,与赵太爷代表的士阶层的"伪"不同.面对"士""民"分离,如何发挥理学中"正信"的积极价值,从而有效吸纳消化外来文化,是百年新文学持续思考的重要问题.
Abstract
Ah Q's method of spiritual victory contains an important issue of moral character reconstruction in the social transition period of modern China.Both the old gentry represented by Uncle Zhao and the new intellectual class represented by the fake foreign devils lack the quality of"true faith",which constitutes the confidence of Ah Q's spiritual victory.This situation was closely related to the development history of Neo-Confucianism since the Song Dynasty,especially to the Qing Dynasty.The rulers of the Qing Dynasty used Neo-Confucianism as the main-stream ideology for integrating society,and developed the rural social management mode on the basis of inheriting the Ming system.After the education of Neo-Confucianism in the Qing Dynasty,the"people"strictly adhered to eti-quette and laws,while"scholars"managed to separate their words from actions.In the late Qing Dynasty,as West-ern learning spread to the east,students returned from their studies abroad gradually replaced the old squires as the new ruling class,but they were still faced with the persistent issue of inability to gain the approval of the people.As a grassroots farmer who has become subjectively unconscious through education and adherence to etiquette and laws,Ah Q strictly follows the teachings of the sage in his words and actions.However,the contradiction between his inner ideas and basic survival forces him to make up for the gap between them through the"spiritual victory method".The separation of Ah Q's words and behaviors and the mismatch between the name and reality were pas-sive,which were quite different from the hypocrisy of the scholar class represented by the old squire Mr.Zhao.In the face of the separation of scholars and common people,how to give full play to the positive value of"true faith"in Neo-Confucianism,so as to effectively absorb and digest foreign cultures,is an important issue that has been continuously pondered in the centennial new literature.
关键词
鲁迅/《阿Q正传》/"精神胜利法"/理学/"正信"Key words
Lu Xun/The True Story Of Ah Q/"the spiritual victory method"/Neo-Confucianism/"true faith"引用本文复制引用
基金项目
2023年暨南大学启明星计划项目(23JNQMX45)
出版年
2023
NETL
NSTL
万方数据