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论《呼兰河传》风景书写的视角与意蕴

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萧红小说创作的巅峰之作《呼兰河传》,写景较多是其特点之一.风景书写在该小说叙事中所处的位置有两种情况:有时是小说叙事的背景,与人物、事件形成映衬或对照,让读者阅读感受产生增值;有时则是叙事的中心,风景成了小说的主角.《呼兰河传》的风景感知视角多变,但最主要的是成人化的全知叙事,此全知叙事者并非外在于叙事,而是作品中隐含的成年之后"我",一向被视为"儿童叙事"的叙事者,即身为女童的"我",在更多的时候只是成年的"我"凝视与关怀的对象.《呼兰河传》的风景描述有多种方式:既有写实性的对于故乡空间的深度还原,也有将作家主体意识与情感的投射性刻画,还有景观的象征或隐喻性书写.作为现代性风景,《呼兰河传》的童年风景有不同的面向,既有自由、审美的风景,也有荒凉、破败的"反风景";风景书写中也反映出作家复杂的情感态度,有对童年生活的怀念、对故乡风物的眷恋,也有对记忆中颓败荒凉景观的伤痛,对小城中人国民性弱点的批判.
On the Perspective and Implication of Landscape Writing in The Story of Hulan River
As the pinnacle of Xiao Hong's novel creation,The Story of Hulan River is characterized by its rich depiction of scenery.There are two situations in which landscape writing is positioned in the narrative of the novel:sometimes as the background for the narrative,which constitutes a contrast or comparison with the characters and events and enriches the reader's reading experience;and sometimes as the center of the narrative,with the land-scape playing the role of the protagonist.The perspective of landscape perception in The Story of Hulan River is vari-able,but the most important aspect is the adult omniscient narrative.This omniscient narrator is not external to the narrative,but rather the implicit"me"in the work,who has always been regarded as a narrator of"children nar-rative",for as a girl,"I"is more often just the object of gaze and care from the adult"me".There are many ways to describe the landscape in The Story of Hulan River,including the realistic restoration of the hometown space,the projective depiction of the writer's subjective consciousness and emotions,and the symbolic or metaphorical writ-ing of the landscape.As a landscape of modernity,the childhood landscape in The Story of Hulan River has differ-ent aspects,including the free and aesthetic landscape,as well as the desolate and dilapidated"anti-landscape".The landscape writing also reflects the writer's complex emotional attitude,including her nostalgia for the child-hood life,her attachment to the hometown scenery,her pain for the decadent and desolate landscape in the memory,as well as her criticism of the national weakness of the people in small towns.

Xiao HongThe Story of Hulan Riverlandscape writing

苏晓芳

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厦门理工学院 文化产业与旅游学院,福建 厦门 361024

萧红 《呼兰河传》 风景书写

国家社会科学基金一般项目

22BZW165

2024

海南师范大学学报(社会科学版)
海南师范大学

海南师范大学学报(社会科学版)

CHSSCD
影响因子:0.154
ISSN:1674-5310
年,卷(期):2024.37(1)
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