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农村集体经济组织法人治理结构解释论

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为保障《农村集体经济组织法》实施,亟须从解释论探讨农村集体经济组织法人的治理结构。对此,立法确立了"权力机构(成员大会)—执行机构(理事会)—监督机构(监事会)"的基本框架。从权力机构看,成员权具有强烈的身份性特征,无法以投资取得;成员大会的决议不应均采取绝大多数决,否则会导致决议难以形成,应允许章程对一般事项和重大事项进行区分,前者采取多数决,后者采取绝大多数决。同时,要警惕出现成员代表大会绕过成员大会表决的情景。从执行机构看,对理事长或理事的选任,不应以成员为限;理事会表决并非一定要采取多数决,意味着总人数不限于单数。从监督机构看,关于监事会或监事的设置规定应理解为倡导性规范,而非必须强制设立监事会或监事,设置权限宜交由章程规定,且监事的选任应不受成员身份的限制。农村集体经济组织法人治理结构的选择,应考量不同地区农村集体经济的发展状况,而非采用单一的治理图景。
An Interpretive Theory on the Governance Structure of Rural Economic Collective Legal Persons
The governance structure of rural economic collective legal persons needs to be urgently investigated from an interpretive theory perspective in order to ensure the implementation of the Rural Collective Economic Organizations Law.The law creates the fundamental framework of"Authority(members'meeting)-Executive Body(council)-Supervisory Body(board of supervisors)"in this regard.Members cannot obtain authority by investment because it is primarily based on identity.The resolution mechanism of the members'meeting should not be based on a vast majority rule,as this would make it difficult to form resolutions.The statutes ought to have the authority to distinguish between general issues,which ought to be resolved by majority rule,and big issues,which ought to be resolved by vast majority vote.At the same time,it should be aware of instances in which the members'representative meeting takes precedence over the members'meeting vote.Regarding the executive body,the choice of the president and council members shouldn't be restricted to members of the rural economic collective;also,voting in the council doesn't always follow the majority rule,which means that the total number of members is not limited to an odd number.From the perspective of the supervisory body,the establishment of a board of supervisors or supervisors should be viewed as an advocacy norm rather than a mandatory requirement.The authority to establish such boards should be defined by statute,and supervisors should not be confined to members of the rural economic collective.The growth of the rural collective economy in various locations should be considered while selecting the governance structure for rural collective economic organizations,rather than focusing just on one governance model.

Rural Economic Collective Legal PersonsGovernance StructureMembers'MeetingCouncilBoard of Supervisors

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东南大学 法学院,江苏 南京 211102

农村集体经济组织法人 治理结构 成员大会 理事会 监事会

2025

河南社会科学
河南省社会科学界联合会

河南社会科学

北大核心
影响因子:0.518
ISSN:1007-905X
年,卷(期):2025.33(2)