Objective To compare the clinical effects of carotid endarterectomy(CEA)and percutaneous carotid artery stenting(PCAS)in treatment of moderate and severe carotid artery stenosis(CAS).Methods The clinical data of 100 patients with moderate and se-vere CAS admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery of the First People's Hospital of Ruzhou City from 2017-06 to 2022-06 were retrospec-tively analyzed.According to the surgical method,they were divided into CEA group and PCAS group,with 50 cases in each group.The base-line data,perioperative related indexes and hospitalization costs of the two groups were compared.After 12 months of follow-up,the incidence of adverse reactions during the follow-up period and the modified Rankin score at the last follow-up were statistically calculated.Results There were no significant differences in baseline data,perioperative indexes,incidence of adverse reactions during 6 months of post-operative follow-up,and modified Rankin score at the last follow-up between the two groups(P>0.05).However,the hospitalization cost of the CEA group was lower than that of the CAS group,and the difference was statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion The clinical effects of CEA and PCAS in the treatment of moderate and severe CAS are comparable,but CEA does not require special medical equipment and consumables,and the hospitalization cost is less than that of PCAS,which is especially suitable for primary hospitals.