Investigation of an outbreak caused by sapovirus in a childcare institution
Objective To investigate an outbreak caused by sapovirus in a childcare institution,explore the causes and risk factors of the outbreak,and provide reference for the effective control of infectious diarrhea.Methods The field epidemiological investigation was conducted including case searches,hygiene investigation and pathogen detection based on epidemic characteristics of infectious diarrhea from May 30th to June 12th,2023.Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the characteristics of the outbreak;case-control studies was used to analyze risk factors of the outbreak.Results A total of 15 cases were found in two classes through case search.The attack rates in Sun class and Moon class were 57.14％and 15.79％,respectively(x2=7.278,P＜0.05).The onset age was between 2-＜4 years old.Of the total cases,9 were male,and 6 were female.The attack rates in male and female children were both 37.50％.The clinical symptom was mainly vomiting(100.00％),accompanied by diarrhea(26.67％)and abdominal pain(33.33％).The first case of this outbreak occurred at 1:00 on June 2nd,and the other cases sporadically occurred from 2nd to 7th.At 10:00 on June 8th,the index vomited once in the class.The childcare teacher cleared vomitus and disinfected the floor,but the children were not evacuated throughout the entire process.On the June 9th,the cases occurred concentratively and reached its peak.There were no new cases after June 9th,and the outbreak continued for eight days.The positive rate of sapovirus nucleic acid testing was 88.9％.Hygiene investigations excluded the possibility of food and water transmission.Case control studies showed that there were no statistically significant association of cases incidence with poor hygiene habits,close contact with vomitus,and exposure to the windward side of vomitus in young children.Conclusions This infectious diarrhea outbreak was caused by sapovirus.The cases attending classes with illness was the source of infection,and the improper disposal of vomitus leading to aerosol transmission was the main cause of this outbreak.It is recommended to strengthen the training of infectious disease prevention and control in school employees,and standardize the disinfection and disposal of vomitus.
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