Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of influenza in Zhengzhou from April 2018 to March 2023
Objective To analyze the epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of influenza in Zhengzhou city from April 2018 to March 2023,so as to provide evidence for scientific prevention and control measures.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze influenza cases during the five surveillance years from 2018 to 2023 in Zhengzhou city.Using real time fluorescence RT-PCR method influenza virus nucleic acid detection and subtype analysis on pharyngeal swab samples collected from sentinel hospitals.Results A total of 310 070 influenza cases were reported during the five surveillance years,with an average annual reported incidence rate of 602.83/105,and the highest annual reported incidence rate was in 2022-2023(1 286.40/105).The number of reported cases in the age group under 15 years old accounted for 80.28％.The reported incidence rates in the 0-＜5 years old and 5-＜15 years old age groups ranked the top two,which were 3 011.16/105 and 2 479.93/105,respectively.The number of cases reported among students,kindergarten children and scattered-living children accounted for 86.46％.The seasonal incidence peaks during the five surveillance years were mainly concentrated in winter and spring,but the incidence peaks in 2022-2023 occurred in summer and autumn(August-September)and spring(February-March).Influenza A H1N1 subtype(accounting for 66.67％)was the main subtype in 2018-2019;influenza A H3N2 subtype(75.00％)was the main subtype in 2019-2020;influenza A H1N1 and H3N2 were the main subtypes(accounting for 51.84％and 46.94％,respectively)in 2022/2023;influenza B Victoria was the main subtype(accounting for 100.00％and 99.10％,respectively)in 2020-2021 and 2021-2022.Conclusions In Zhengzhou,the peak of influenza incidence was mainly concentrated in winter and spring,but the peak occurred in summer and autumn in 2022-2023.The dominant epidemic strain was switched among the strains of influenza A(H1N1),influenza A(H3N2),and influenza B(Victoria)subtypes;majority of the cases were students under the age of 15 years,children in kindergartens,children in kindergarten and scattered-living children.Influenza surveillance should be continuously strengthened,focusing on monitoring the seasonality and virus typing of influenza.Influenza surveillance,prevention and control in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens should be consolidated.
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