Epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Futian District,Shenzhen,2010-2022
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever and the density characteristics of vector Aedes aegypti in Futian District,Shenzhen,from 2010 to 2022,and provide the evidence for formulating epidemic prevention and control measures.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to describe the characteristics of dengue fever in Futian District,Shenzhen City,from 2010 to 2022 including population distribution,temporal distribution,source of cases,and distribution characteristics of the time interval between onset of disease and confirmation of diagnosis,as well as descriptive analyses of initial diagnosis and entry detection of dengue fever patients.The Breteau index(BI)was used to describe and analyze the density of vector Aedes mosquitoes.Results From 2010 to 2022,a total of 217 cases were reported in Futian District,of which 188 cases were confirmed cases,accounting for 86.64％of the total cases.The male to female ratio was 1.89:1.Among all cases,the median age M(P25,P75)was 35.0(28.0,46.5)years.The main occupations were commercial services(24.4％),workers(24.0％),and housework and unemployed(22.6％).Dengue fever peaked from August to November.There were 124 local cases,accounting for 57.1％,10 cases imported from other domestic areas,and 83 cases imported from abroad.Cambodia was the main source of imported cases from abroad,accounting for 37.4％.The differences in the distribution of sex,age,and occupations between the local cases and the imported cases were not statistically significant(all P＞0.05).The median time interval M(P25,P75)between onset and diagnosis of dengue cases was 5.0(3.0,8.0)days for all cases,4.0(3.0,7.0)days for imported cases and 6.0(4.0,8.0)days for local cases,and the time interval between onset and diagnosis for imported cases was shorter than that for local cases.The entry detection rate of imported cases from abroad was 22.50％,and the initial diagnosis detection rate was 54.05％.The initial diagnosis detection rate was higher in provincial and municipal medical institutions than that in district medical institutions(x2=16.470,P＜0.05).The average annual BI values during 2010-2022 ranged from 1.54 to 17.49,and showed a low densities during January-April,starting to increase in May,reaching high level during June-October,and decreasing month by month after November.Conclusions The situation of dengue fever epidemic in Futian District is relatively serious,with occupations dominated by commercial services,and low entry detection rate of imported cases.The Breteau Index reaches a relative peak from June to October.It is recommended to strengthen health education for in the key population such as commercial service employees and workers,improve the entry detection rate of imported cases from abroad and the detection rate of initial diagnosis,and carry out mosquito prevention and elimination efforts timely so as to prevent and control the spread of dengue fever epidemic effectively.
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