摘要
目的 了解山东省威海市居民恶性肿瘤主要发病和死亡特征及趋势,为制定完善的肿瘤防控策略提供依据.方法 通过威海市肿瘤监测系统收集2015-2022年威海市居民恶性肿瘤监测资料,计算发病率、死亡率、年度发病率和死亡率变化百分比(APC)等指标,分析发病和死亡趋势.结果 2015-2022年威海市共报告恶性肿瘤病例81 573例,年均发病率为398.72/10万,年均标化发病率为201.81/10万;男、女人群和全人群恶性肿瘤发病率呈上升趋势(t值分别为3.731、5.255和4.473,P均＜0.05),女性人群和全人群恶性肿瘤标化发病率呈上升趋势(t值分别为4.223和3.135,P均＜0.05).报告死亡41 938例,年均死亡率204.99/10万,年均标化死亡率91.56/10万;男性和全人群死亡率呈上升趋势(t值分别为3.394和3.501,P均＜0.05).发病率居前5位的恶性肿瘤分别为肺癌、乳腺癌、结直肛癌、胃癌和肝癌,发病率分别为89.56/10万、62.69/10万、44.76/10万、44.14/10万和37.57/10万.不同年度女性肺癌、结直肛癌、甲状腺癌和乳腺癌标化发病率呈上升趋势(t值分别为2.978、3.190、8.707和5.705,P均＜0.05),男性结直肛癌和甲状腺癌的标化发病率呈上升趋势(t值分别为3.087和10.471,P均＜0.05);男、女性肝癌标化发病率呈下降趋势且有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.198和-2.717,P均＜0.05).死亡率居前5位的恶性肿瘤分别为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、结直肛癌、乳腺癌,死亡率分别为62.16/10万、32.06/10万、27.44/10万、17.94/10万和11.03/10万.男、女性肝癌、胃癌的标化死亡率呈下降趋势且有统计学意义(t值分别为-7.663、-5.304、-3.845和-4.194,P均＜0.05),男、女性结直肛癌的标化死亡率呈上升趋势且有统计学意义(t值分别为3.364和2.899,P均＜0.05).发病和死亡年龄以中老年人群为主,高峰发病率在75～＜80岁年龄组(1 307.19/10万),高峰死亡率在80～＜85岁年龄组(1 060.17/10万).结论 威海市恶性肿瘤发病率总体呈上升趋势,死亡率相对稳定,肺癌、消化系统肿瘤、甲状腺癌和女性乳腺癌仍是威胁居民健康的主要恶性肿瘤,男性和中青年女性人群是恶性肿瘤防治的重点干预群体,应针对不同肿瘤采取包括早期筛查和有效治疗在内的综合性措施,降低恶性肿瘤危害.
Abstract
Objective To understand the main incidence and death characteristics,trend changes and possible causes of malignant tumor among residents in Weihai,so as to make measures for cancer prevention and control.Methods Based on the data of cancer surveillance system in Weihai from 2015 to 2022 and the population data of the same period,the incidence rate,the mortality rate and the percentage change of annual incidence and mortality rate(APC)were calculated to analyze the incidence and death trend of the malignant tumors.Results From 2015 to 2022,81 573 incident cases of malignant tumors were reported in Weihai City,with an average annual incidence of 398.72/105 and an average annual standardized incidence of 201.81/105.The increasing trend of incidence rate in male,female and whole population was statistical significance(t was 3.731,5.255 and 4.473,P＜0.05),the increasing trend of standardized incidence rate in female and both was statistically significant(t was 4.223 and 3.135,P＜0.05).41 938 dead cases of malignant tumors were reported in Weihai City,with an average annual death of 204.99/105 and an average annual standardized ideath of 91.56/105.The increasing trend of mortality rate in males and both was statistically significant(t was 3.394 and 3.501,P＜0.05).The top five malignant tumors incidence rate were lung cancer,breast cancer,colorectal cancer,stomach cancer,and liver cancer,incidence rate were 89.56/105,62.69/105,44.76/105,44.14/105 and 37.57/105.The standardized incidence of lung cancer,colorectal cancer,thyroid cancer,and breast cancer showed an increasing trend and had statistical significance in female(t was 2.978,3.190,8.707 and 5.705,P＜0.05),while the standardized incidence of colorectal cancer and thyroid cancer showed an increasing trend and had statistical significance in male(t was 3.087 and 10.471,P＜0.05);the standardized incidence of liver cancer in male and female showed an decreasing trend and had statistical significance(t was-4.198 and-2.717,P＜0.05).The top five malignant tumors mortality rate were lung cancer,liver cancer,stomach cancer colorectal cancer,and breast cancer,the mortality rate were 62.16/105,32.06/105,27.44/105,17.94/105 and 11.03/105.The standardized mortality rates of liver and stomach cancers in males and females showed a decreasing trend and had statistical significance(t was-7.663,-5.304,-3.845 and-4.194,P＜0.05),while the standardized mortality rates of colorectal cancer in males and females showed an increasing trend and had statistical significance(t was 3.364 and 2.899,P＜0.05).The incidence and mortality were mainly in middle-aged and old people,the peak of incidence was in the age group of 75-＜80 years(1 307.19/105),the peak of mortality was in the age group of 80-＜85 years(1 060.17/105).Conclusions In Weihai,the incidence of malignant tumors is on the rise and the mortality rate is generally stable.Lung cancer,cancers of the digestive system,thyroid cancer and female breast cancer are still the main malignant tumors threatening the health of the residents,the men and young and middle-aged women population is the main intervention group for the prevention and treatment of malignant tumor,so we should take the measures of early screening and prevention and treatment for different types of tumor to control the rising incidence and mortality of malignant tumor.
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