目的 了解快递外卖行业人群的职业健康素养(OHL)水平及其影响因素,为提高该行业劳动者的OHL提供依据,并为制定该行业人群健康促进政策提供方法.方法 2023年6-9月,按照人口规模大小成比例的概率抽样方法,选择河南省4个县(区)29家快递外卖行业的快递外卖员为研究对象,通过"全国重点人群职业健康素养监测平台"发放调查问卷进行调查,研究对象通过扫描二维码填写并提交问卷,调查内容包括性别、年龄、学历、收入、工龄等基本人口学信息和OHL状况.结果 共调查1 955名研究对象,1 955名快递外卖员的总体OHL水平为18.1％,职业健康法律知识素养水平为20.9％,职业健康保护基本知识素养水平为14.2％,职业健康保护基本技能素养水平为12.1％,健康工作方式和行为素养水平为30.0％.企业规模[与微型企业相比,小型和大型企业劳动者的OHL水平OR值(95％CI)分别为 0.522(0.330～0.828)、0.289(0.133～0.629)]、1 周工作时长[以 ≤40 h 为参照,＞48 h 的 OR 值(95％CI)为 0.624(0.454～0.856)]和有无夜班[以有夜班为参照,无夜班的劳动者OHL水平OR值(95％CI)为1.597(1.243～2.051)]是快递外卖行业劳动者OHL水平的独立影响因素(P均＜0.05).结论 快递外卖行业劳动者的OHL水平较低,应进一步解决该行业劳动者就业环境和职业健康问题,提高该行业就业人员的职业健康生命质量.
The occupational health literacy level and its influencing factors of the population in the take-out express delivery industry
Objective To investigate the level of occupational health literacy(OHL)and its influencing factors in the take-out express delivery industry,provide evidence for improving the OHL of workers in the industry,and offer methods for formulating health promotion policies within the industry.Methods From June to September in 2023,the probability sampling method proportional to the size of the population was used to select the couriers and delivery workers in the 29 companies of four counties(districts)as study subjects.Through the National Key Population Occupational Health Literacy Monitoring Platform the questionnaires were issued to carry out the survey.The study subjects through scanning the QR code fill in and submit the questionnaire;the contents of the survey included basic demographic information such as sex,age,education,income,length of service and OHL status.Results In total,1 955 subjects were investigated,and the overall OHL level was 18.1％,with legal knowledge level of occupational health at 20.9％,basic knowledge level of occupational health protection at 14.2％,basic skill level of occupational health protection at 12.1％,and healthy working style and behavior literacy level at 30％.Enterprise size[with micro-enterprises as the reference,OR(95％CI)for OHL level of workers in small and large-scale enterprises were 0.522(0.330-0.828)and 0.289(0.133-0.629),respectively],and working hours per week[with working hours less than 40 hours as reference,OR(95％CI)for working hours more than 48 hours was 0.624(0.454-0.856)],and having night shift or not[with having night shift as reference,OR(95％CI)was 1.597(1.243-2.051)for having no night shift]were independent factors of OHL level in the workers of take-out express delivery industry(all P＜0.05).Conclusions The OHL level in the workers of take-out express delivery industry is low;it needs to solve the issues of employment environment and occupational health,and improve the life quality of occupational health.
Take-out express delivery industryOccupational populationOccupational health literacyInfluencing factors
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
