摘要
姜黄素属于二酮类化合物,是从姜黄属类植物的根茎中提取出的一种橙黄色结晶粉末,具有广泛的药理活性.姜黄素可以从三个方面影响高血压进程,一是通过降低炎症细胞因子表达、抑制小胶质细胞介导的促炎反应及抑制TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK/AP-1/JAK2/STAT3等炎症相关信号通路等方面抑制炎症反应;二是通过降低活性氧诱导氧化应激反应;三是通过调节线粒体自噬紊乱、抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖、下调血管紧张素Ⅱ型受体表达、改善肠道菌群及增强肠道屏障.目前,姜黄素具有生物利用度低、新陈代谢快、溶解度不足和敏感性等不足,如分子搭载、药物联用、纳米晶体、微球、肠溶明胶胶囊等新药递送系统可以提高姜黄素的生物利用度.姜黄素还可抑制血小板的生成,清除刺激单核血细胞快速生长的丝裂原,并部分抑制蛋白激酶,对于氧化应激反应有关的各种心脑疾病如心肌缺血、缺血再灌注、出血、休克、神经细胞损伤和癌症及高血压合并症等也具有良好作用.因此,姜黄素可能通过以上作用机制治疗高血压及相关合并症,但其实现高血压的靶向治疗仍需要更多临床研究、实验研究进行深入研究,提供更详尽的数据支持.
Abstract
Curcumin,a diketone compound extracted as an orange-yellow crystalline powder from the rhizomes of Curcuma plants,exhib-its a wide range of pharmacological activities.It influences the progression of hypertension through three primary mechanisms:(1)In-hibiting inflammatory responses by reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines,suppressing microglia-mediated inflammatory reactions,and downregulating inflammation-related signaling pathways,such as TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK/AP-1/JAK2/STAT3;(2)Mitiga-ting oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species;(3)Regulating mitochondrial autophagy imbalance,inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation,downregulating angiotensin Ⅱ receptor expression,improving gut microbiota,and enhancing intestinal barrier function.However,curcumin's clinical application faces challenges such as low bioavailability,rapid metabolism,limited solubility,and sensitivity.Strategies like molecular encapsulation,drug combination therapy,nanocrystals,microspheres,and enteric gelatin capsules can enhance its bioavailability.Additionally,curcumin inhibits platelet production,removes mitogens stimulating rapid monocyte growth,and partially inhibits protein kinases.These properties make it effective against oxidative stress-related cardiovascular and cerebrovascu-lar diseases,including myocardial ischemia,ischemia-reperfusion injury,hemorrhage,shock,neuronal damage,cancer,and hypertension-related complications.Although curcumin shows promise for hypertension and its comorbidities through these mechanisms,achieving tar-geted hypertension treatment requires further experimental and clinical studies to provide comprehensive data support.
维普
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